Influence of the Inclusion of Ignition Stage Emissions in the Development of Emission Factors for Coal Cookstoves Used in India

Autor: Virendra Sethi, Darpan Das, Upendra Bhandarkar
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: Environmental Science & Technology. 53:3149-3156
ISSN: 1520-5851
0013-936X
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06775
Popis: Coal is used widely for domestic cooking in many regions of India, which contributes significantly to the particulate matter (PM2.5 μm) and CO levels in ambient and indoor air. Modeling and inventorization require the use of emission factors (EFs) for cookstoves, which are specific to fuel type and cookstove design. These are usually not available or are available for emissions under steady state combustion conditions following some protocols that are end-use-specific. In this study, two types of cookstoves are deployed, and PM2.5 μm and CO emissions are measured for a combustion cycle that includes an initial ignition stage, a flaming stage, and a smoldering stage. EFs are estimated for PM2.5 μm and CO for each of these stages of the combustion cycle and indicate a 5-9-fold increase for PM2.5 μm when emissions from the ignition stage are included. Elemental carbon and organic carbon analyses are presented for PM2.5 μm using two protocols, namely, IMPROVE_A and DIN-19539. The EFs developed for the complete combustion cycle may be used to better represent the impact of coal cookstoves on the ambient air quality and for a more realistic assessment of health effects for exposure in kitchens.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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