Photocatalytic degradation of azithromycin by nanostructured TiO2 film: kinetics, degradation products, and toxicity
| Autor: | Marko Rožman, Davor Ljubas, Sandra Babić, Lidija Ćurković, Mirta Čizmić, Danijela Ašperger |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Anatase
Materials science 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences engineering.material medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences lcsh:Technology Article azithromycin photocatalysis UV mercury lamp LED lamp Vibrio fischeri toxicity Coating medicine General Materials Science Irradiation lcsh:Microscopy Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences lcsh:QC120-168.85 lcsh:QH201-278.5 lcsh:T 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Microstructure 6. Clean water 3. Good health Chemistry Basic Technical Sciences Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences 13. Climate action lcsh:TA1-2040 Ultrapure water engineering Photocatalysis lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering 0210 nano-technology lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) lcsh:TK1-9971 Ultraviolet Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Materials Volume 12 Issue 6 Materials, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 873 (2019) |
| Popis: | In this paper, nanostructured TiO2 film was prepared by the by sol-gel process and dip-coating technique with titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor. After heat treatment at 550 ° C, the deposited film was characterized by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the TiO2 film consisted of only the TiO2 anatase phase and showed a granular microstructure. Photocatalytic degradation of azithromycin by using sol-gel nanostructured TiO2 film was studied to define the most effective degradation process for potential use in wastewater treatment. Different factors were evaluated during photocatalysis, such as pH (3, 7, and 10), water matrix (ultrapure water and synthetic municipal waste water effluent), influence of another pharmaceutically active compound (sulfamethoxazole, one of the most often detected pharmaceutic compounds in waste waters), and radiation sources (low pressure ultraviolet (UV) mercury lamps with a UV-A and UV-C range a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp with a radiation peak at 365 nm). The most effective degradation process was achieved with the UV-C irradiation source in matrices at pH 10. The water matrix had little effect on the photocatalytic degradation rates of azithromycin. The presence of sulfamethoxazole in the water matrix decreased the degradation rate of azithromycin, however, only in matrices with a pH level adjusted to 10. During the experiments, five azithromycin degradation products were identified and none of them showed toxic properties, suggesting effective removal of azithromycin. LED 365 nm as the irradiation source was not as effective as the UV-C lamp. Nevertheless, considering the cost, energy efficiency, and environmental aspects of the irradiation source, the LED lamp could be a &ldquo real-life&rdquo alternative. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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