The oligodendrocyte growth cone and its actin cytoskeleton: A fundamental element for progenitor cell migration and CNS myelination
| Autor: | Elizabeth J. Thomason, Donna J. Osterhout, Babette Fuss, Miguel Escalante |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Central Nervous System Biology Article 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Myelin 0302 clinical medicine Cell Movement medicine Animals Humans Axon Progenitor cell Cytoskeleton Growth cone Actin Myelin Sheath Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Stem Cells Actin cytoskeleton Oligodendrocyte Cell biology Oligodendroglia 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Neurology nervous system 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Glia |
| ISSN: | 1098-1136 |
| Popis: | Cells of the oligodendrocyte (OLG) lineage engage in highly motile behaviors that are crucial for effective central nervous system (CNS) myelination. These behaviors include the guided migration of OLG progenitor cells (OPCs), the surveying of local environments by cellular processes extending from differentiating and pre-myelinating OLGs, and during the process of active myelin wrapping, the forward movement of the leading edge of the myelin sheath's inner tongue along the axon. Almost all of these motile behaviors are driven by actin cytoskeletal dynamics initiated within a lamellipodial structure that is located at the tip of cellular OLG/OPC processes and is structurally as well as functionally similar to the neuronal growth cone. Accordingly, coordinated stoichiometries of actin filament (F-actin) assembly and disassembly at these OLG/OPC growth cones have been implicated in directing process outgrowth and guidance, and the initiation of myelination. Nonetheless, the functional importance of the OLG/OPC growth cone still remains to be fully understood, and, as a unique aspect of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, F-actin depolymerization and disassembly start to predominate at the transition from myelination initiation to myelin wrapping. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about OLG/OPC growth cones, and it proposes a model in which actin cytoskeletal dynamics in OLG/OPC growth cones are a main driver for morphological transformations and motile behaviors. Remarkably, these activities, at least at the later stages of OLG maturation, may be regulated independently from the transcriptional gene expression changes typically associated with CNS myelination. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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