Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children in two districts of the Czech Republic
| Autor: | Jiří Nožička, Miroslav Dostal, Blanka Binkova, František Kotěšovec, Alena Milcova, Radim J. Sram, Jan Topinka |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Czech medicine.medical_specialty Pediatrics Passive smoking Mothers Urine medicine.disease_cause Tobacco smoke Fathers chemistry.chemical_compound Surveys and Questionnaires Humans Medicine Child Cotinine Environmental medicine Czech Republic Air Pollutants business.industry Public health Smoking Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health language.human_language Logistic Models El Niño chemistry Air Pollution Indoor Child Preschool language Female Tobacco Smoke Pollution business Biomarkers Follow-Up Studies Demography |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 211:318-325 |
| ISSN: | 1438-4639 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.001 |
| Popis: | In the course of epidemiologic studies on the health of preschool children in the Teplice and Prachatice districts of the Czech Republic, we have recorded the frequency of smokers in the families of the children under study and the exposure of the children to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by assaying urinary cotinine levels. Questionnaires were administered at the age of 3 years (children born 1994–1996) or 4.5 years (children born 1997–1998). Out of 1128 respondents, 35.6% of the mothers and 48.9% of their husbands/partners were smokers. Taking into account other adult smokers, 41.6% of children lived in households without smokers and 30.1% in households with one smoker. There were more smokers among both mothers and fathers in Teplice than in the Prachatice district (mothers: 41.1% vs. 28.5%, P=0.017; fathers: 50.8% vs. 46.5%, NS). Cotinine concentration in the urine was determined using a radioimmunoassay in 523 pairs of mothers and children at the age of 4.5 years. A level higher than 500 ng cotinine per mg creatinine (our cut-off for active smoking) was detected in 199 out of 523 mothers (38%). Using 20 ng/mg as the cut-off, 48.2% of 523 children were exposed to ETS. There were more ETS-exposed children in Teplice than in the Prachatice district (59.2% vs. 34.7%, P |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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