Loading and removal of PAHs, fragrance compounds, triclosan and toxicity by composting process from sewage sludge
| Autor: | Tomonori Kindaichi, Noriatsu Ozaki, Akihiro Nakazato, Kazuki Nakashima, Akiyoshi Ohashi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
0208 environmental biotechnology Sewage 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences engineering.material complex mixtures 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Environmental Chemistry Organic matter Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences chemistry.chemical_classification Pollutant Compost business.industry Luminescent bacteria Composting fungi Pollution Aliivibrio fischeri Triclosan 020801 environmental engineering Hydrocarbon chemistry Receptors Aryl Hydrocarbon Environmental chemistry Odorants engineering business Sludge |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Although the production of compost from sewage sludge is well established in developed countries, the use of sludge-based compost may represent a source of pollutants. The present study assessed the levels of potentially harmful compounds in compost as well as their rates of decrease during composting. The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), three fragrance compounds (OTNE, HHCB and AHTN) and triclosan were determined in the initial sewage sludge and in compost over the span of 1 year. Simultaneously, the toxicity to luminescent bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor reactivity of organic solvent extracts of sludge and compost samples were assessed. Higher PAH, fragrance compounds, and triclosan concentrations were found in sewage sludge from urban areas compared with rural regions, and the urban sludge was also more toxic than the rural sludge. The high pollutant concentrations in urban sludge raised the concentrations of these compounds in the raw materials for composting and in the resulting composts. The organic matter was decomposed by 65% during the composting process, and the measured toxic substances were decreased by a similar amount, with the exception of triclosan, which decreased by only 35%. The toxicity to A. fischeri decreased to a greater extent (90%) than did the organic matter, while the aryl hydrocarbon receptor reactivity decreased by only 35%. This lower decrease coincided with that of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-reactive PAHs (37%). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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