Arabidopsis root responses to salinity depend on pectin modification and cell wall sensing
| Autor: | Jasper Lamers, Eva van Zelm, Wenying Huo, Nora Gigli-Bisceglia, Christa Testerink |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Salinity
Mutant Arabidopsis Receptor-like kinase 1 like chemistry.chemical_element Calcium Pectin modifications Cell wall Cell Wall Gene Expression Regulation Plant Gene expression Plant cell wall signaling Arabidopsis thaliana Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Biologie Laboratorium voor Plantenfysiologie Molecular Biology biology Catharanthus roseus Arabidopsis Proteins biology.organism_classification Cell biology chemistry Cell wall integrity Mitogen-activated protein kinase Salt stress responses biology.protein Pectins Laboratory of Molecular Biology Signal transduction EPS Laboratory of Plant Physiology Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Development (Cambridge, England), 149(12) bioRxiv Development (Cambridge, England) 149 (2022) 12 |
| ISSN: | 1477-9129 0950-1991 |
| Popis: | Soil salinity is an increasing worldwide problem for agriculture, affecting plant growth and yield. To understand the molecular mechanisms activated in response to salt in plants, we investigated the Catharanthus roseus Receptor like Kinase 1 Like (CrRLK1L) family, which contains well described sensors previously shown to be involved in maintaining and sensing the structural integrity of the cell walls. We found that herk1the1-4 double mutants, lacking the function of the Arabidopsis thaliana Receptor like Kinase HERKULES1 combined with a gain-of-function allele of THESEUS1, phenocopied the phenotypes previously reported in plants lacking FERONIA (FER) function. We report that both fer-4 and herk1the1-4 mutants respond strongly to salt application, resulting in a more intense activation of early and late stress responses. We also show that salt triggers de-methyl esterification of loosely bound pectins, responsible for the activation of several salt response signaling pathways. Addition of calcium chloride or chemically inhibiting pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity reduced activation of the early signaling protein Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 6 (MPK6) as well as amplitude of salt-induced marker gene induction. MPK6 is required for the full induction of the salt-induced gene expression markers we tested. The sodium specific root halotropism response on the other hand, appears independent of MPK6 or calcium application, and is only mildly influenced by the cell wall sensors FER/HERK1/THE1-4 or alteration of PME activity. We hypothesize a model where salt-triggered modification of pectin requires the functionality of FER alone or the HERK1/THE1 combination to attenuate salt responses. Collectively, our results show the complexity of salt stress responses and salt sensing mechanisms and their connection to cell wall modifications, responsible for several salt response pathways and ultimately plant resilience to salinity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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