Regulatory Mechanisms of Somatostatin Expression
| Autor: | Emmanuel Ampofo, Lisa Nalbach, Michael D. Menger, Matthias W. Laschke |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
endocrine system
cAMP resonse element (CRE) Review somatostatin lcsh:Chemistry pre-prosomatostatin central nervous system (CNS) Animals Humans pancreas hypothalamus brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Promoter Regions Genetic lcsh:QH301-705.5 δ-cells glutamateric system growth hormone (GH) Feedback Physiological cAMP resonse element (CRE pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein (PDX)1 Autocrine Communication paired box protein (PAX)6 Enhancer Elements Genetic lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 Gene Expression Regulation gut hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists Transcription Factors |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 4170, p 4170 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Somatostatin is a peptide hormone, which most commonly is produced by endocrine cells and the central nervous system. In mammals, somatostatin originates from pre-prosomatostatin and is processed to a shorter form, i.e., somatostatin-14, and a longer form, i.e., somatostatin-28. The two peptides repress growth hormone secretion and are involved in the regulation of glucagon and insulin synthesis in the pancreas. In recent years, the processing and secretion of somatostatin have been studied intensively. However, little attention has been paid to the regulatory mechanisms that control its expression. This review provides an up-to-date overview of these mechanisms. In particular, it focuses on the role of enhancers and silencers within the promoter region as well as on the binding of modulatory transcription factors to these elements. Moreover, it addresses extracellular factors, which trigger key signaling pathways, leading to an enhanced somatostatin expression in health and disease. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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