Risk Factors Associated with Anthrax Outbreak in Animals in North Dakota, 2005: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
| Autor: | Charles L. Stoltenow, Mafany Ndiva Mongoh, Neil W. Dyer, Margaret L. Khaitsa |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine medicine.medical_specialty Swine Anthrax Vaccines Polymerase Chain Reaction Risk Assessment Animal Diseases Disease Outbreaks Anthrax Risk Factors Environmental health Epidemiology medicine Animals Horses Risk factor Ecosystem Chi-Square Distribution business.industry Research Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Case-control study Outbreak Ruminants Anti-Bacterial Agents Bacillus anthracis North Dakota Geographic Information Systems Public Health business Sentinel Surveillance |
| Zdroj: | Public Health Reports. 123:352-359 |
| ISSN: | 1468-2877 0033-3549 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/003335490812300315 |
| Popis: | Objective. We identified the risk factors associated with the anthrax outbreak of 2005 in animals in North Dakota. Methods. Medical records of the 2005 anthrax outbreak were obtained from the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at North Dakota State University. Additional data were obtained from the North Dakota state veterinarian's office, and supplemental questionnaires were administered to producers. The data obtained included ecological and environmental factors, animal health factors, and management factors. Results. Anthrax occurred from July 1 to October 12, 2005. The cases were located in eastern North Dakota around the Red River Basin. Ransom, LaMoure, and Barnes counties reported most cases (71%). Species affected included cattle, bison, horses, sheep, elk, deer, pigs, and llamas. The predominant symptom was sudden death (38%) followed by bleeding from orifices (17%). Chi-square analysis indicated significant differences between case and control premises on the following variables: death reported on neighboring pasture, vaccination period, dry conditions, wet conditions, antibiotic use, multiple vaccination, and type of predator (coyote). Factors that significantly ( pConclusions. The characteristics of the anthrax outbreak regarding time and place of occurrence, animals affected, clinical signs reported, and mortality rate were consistent with previous reports of natural anthrax outbreaks in animals. A number of factors that significantly predicted anthrax occurrence in animals in the 2005 outbreak in North Dakota were identified. This information is important in planning appropriate control and prevention measures for anthrax, including recommending the right vaccination and treatment regimens in managing future anthrax outbreaks. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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