Effectiveness of Oseltamivir Prophylaxis in Influenza Outbreaks in Residential Aged Care
| Autor: | Kate Alexander, Leng Boonwaat, Mithilesh Dronavalli, Stephanie Fletcher-Lartey, Narugopal Pal, Heidi Lord |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Oseltamivir
medicine.medical_specialty 030309 nutrition & dietetics oseltamivir Attack rate digestive system Antiviral Agents Disease Outbreaks Cohort Studies 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Influenza Human medicine Homes for the Aged Humans aged care facilities 030212 general & internal medicine Aged 0303 health sciences business.industry Public health lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Outbreak lcsh:RA1-1270 vaccination digestive system diseases Influenza Vaccination Treatment Outcome chemistry Relative risk outbreaks public health preparedness Cohort Emergency medicine prophylaxis New South Wales business Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Cohort study Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Vol 10, Iss 2 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2210-6014 |
| Popis: | Influenza outbreaks in Aged Care Facilities (ACFs) can lead to hospitalizations and deaths. Influenza can spread rapidly through ACFs if precautionary measures are not taken. Along with influenza vaccination and precautionary hygiene measures, Oseltamivir Prophylaxis (OP) may be effective in reducing the attack rate of influenza by preventing new cases. A cohort study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of OP use during influenza outbreaks in ACFs located within South Western Sydney Local Health District from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018. The main outcome assessed was the rate of OP failure (new cases of influenza in patients treated with OP) among ACF residents. Subgroups and various predictors of OP failure were investigated including presence of a dementia ward, high care ward, and days to Public Health Unit (PHU) notification. The cohort consisted of 86 ACF outbreaks involving 10,064 residents. OP prevented 90% of influenza cases during influenza outbreaks [0.1 RR (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08–0.12); P < 0.0001]. ACFs with dementia wards had a 44% (0.56 relative risk (RR) (95% CI: 0.34–0.93); P < 0.05) lower OP failure rate. ACFs with high level care had an 87% (0.13 RR (95% CI: 0.05–0.38); P < 0.05) lower OP failure rate. OP is highly effective in preventing new cases of influenza during outbreaks in ACFs, especially in ACFs with dementia or high care wards. Mandatory reporting of influenza outbreaks to PHUs would ensure that ACFs are supported throughout the outbreak, which will facilitate reductions in hospitalizations and mortality. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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