The Power of First Impressions: Can Influenza Imprinting during Infancy Inform Vaccine Design?
| Autor: | Joanne M. Langley, Nicholas J. Dawe, Magen E. Francis, Mara McNeil, Melissa Rioux, Alyson A. Kelvin, Mary K. Foley |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
pediatrics 030106 microbiology Immunology Orthomyxoviridae lcsh:Medicine Context (language use) Review Virus influenza virus immune response 03 medical and health sciences Immune system Immunity Drug Discovery influenza vaccines Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Imprinting (psychology) Imprinting (organizational theory) Pharmacology biology business.industry lcsh:R Infant immunity medicine.disease biology.organism_classification vaccination 3. Good health Vaccination Pneumonia 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Infant animal imprinting business infant immunity |
| Zdroj: | Vaccines Vaccines, Vol 8, Iss 546, p 546 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2076-393X |
| Popis: | Influenza virus infection causes severe respiratory illness in people worldwide, disproportionately affecting infants. The immature respiratory tract coupled with the developing immune system is thought to synergistically play a role in the increased disease severity in younger age groups. Although vaccines remain the best solution for protecting this vulnerable population, no vaccines are available for those under 6 months, and for infants aged 6 months to 2 years, the vaccine elicits a dampened immune response. Dampened immune responses may be due to unique features of the infant immune system and a lack of pre-existing immunity. Unlike older children and adults, the infant immune system is Th2 skewed and has less antigen presenting cells and soluble immune factors. Paradoxically, we know that a person’s first infection with the influenza virus during infancy or childhood leads to the establishment of life-long immunity toward that particular virus strain. This is called influenza imprinting. To provide better protection against influenza virus infection and disease in infants, more research must be conducted to understand the imprinting event. We contend that by understanding influenza imprinting in the context of the infant immune system and the infant’s immature respiratory tract, we will be able to design more effective influenza vaccines for both infants and adults. Working through the lens of imprinting, using infant influenza animal models such as mice and ferrets, which have proven useful for infant immunity studies, we will gain a better understanding of imprinting and its implications regarding vaccine design. This review examines literature regarding infant immune development, current vaccine strategies, respiratory development, and the importance of researching the imprinting event in infant animal models to develop more effective and protective vaccines for young children. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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