The Effects of an Oil and Wheat Flour Fortification Program on Pre-School Children and Women of Reproductive Age Living in Côte d’Ivoire, a Malaria-Endemic Area
Autor: | Sassor Odile P. Aké-Tano, Giovanna Raso, Fabian Rohner, Christopher Guy Nicholas Mascie-Taylor, Andres B. Tschannen, Christine A. Northrop-Clewes |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Endemic Diseases Rural Health Palm Oil vitamin A chemistry.chemical_compound iron Pregnancy Prevalence Food science education.field_of_study Nutrition and Dietetics Anemia Iron-Deficiency Vitamin A Deficiency Age Factors Middle Aged Micronutrient anemia Child Preschool Food Fortified Female women Nutritive Value lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Vitamin Adult Adolescent Anemia Population Wheat flour fortification Nutritional Status lcsh:TX341-641 oil Article 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult Animal science Folic Acid children medicine Humans Plant Oils Fortified Food education 030109 nutrition & dietetics flour business.industry Food fortification Urban Health Infant medicine.disease Health Surveys Malaria Vitamin A deficiency Cote d'Ivoire Cross-Sectional Studies Nutrition Assessment chemistry Socioeconomic Factors business Biomarkers Food Science Program Evaluation |
Zdroj: | Nutrients, Vol 8, Iss 3, p 148 (2016) Nutrients Nutrients; Volume 8; Issue 3; Pages: 148 |
ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
Popis: | Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, but the impact of food fortification is still debated. The objective of this study was to estimate the iron and vitamin A status of preschool children (PSC) and women of reproductive age (WRA) in households consuming fortified oil and wheat flour. The survey was cross-sectional in a rural and an urban area. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, and fortified foods were collected at households. Hemoglobin (Hb), retinol binding protein (RBP), ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR), subclinical inflammation, and Plasmodium spp. infection data were collected. In PSC, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was prevalent, but for each 1 mg retinol equivalents (RE)/kg of oil consumed, RBP increased by 0.37 μmol/L (p = 0.03). In WRA, there was no significant VAD in the population (0.7%). Anemia was found in 92.2% of rural and 56.3% of urban PSC (p < 0.001). PSC with access to adequately fortified flour had Hb concentrations 15.7 g/L higher than those who did not (p < 0.001). Hb levels increased by +0.238 g/L per mg/kg increase in iron fortification levels (p < 0.001). The national program fortifying vegetable oil with vitamin A and wheat flour with iron and folic acid may have contributed to improved micronutrient status of PSC from two areas in Côte d’Ivoire. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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