Plastic and micro-evolutionary responses of a nematode to the host immune environment

Autor: Bruno Faivre, Gabriele Sorci, Cédric Lippens, Emmanuel Guivier
Přispěvatelé: Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physiopathologie des Dyslipidémies (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 6), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Funding provided by the Conseil Regional de Bourgogne., ANR-11-BSV7-0028,EVOREGIM,Immuno-Ecologie et immunopathologies : importance évolutive de l'inflammation et de sa régulation. ( 2011 ), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), ANR-11-BSV7-0028,EVOREGIM,Immuno-Ecologie et immunopathologies : importance évolutive de l'inflammation et de sa régulation.(2011)
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Candidate gene
Phenotypic plasticity
Feces
Mice
0302 clinical medicine
[ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology
environment/Symbiosis
[ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology
Serial Passage
Mice
Inbred BALB C
Nematospiroides dubius
General Medicine
DNA
Helminth
Infectious Diseases
Cytokines
[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology
Micro-evolution
Female
medicine.symptom
[ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
DNA
Complementary
Immunology
Inflammation
Biology
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Life history theory
Immunomodulation
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
medicine
Animals
[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
RNA
Messenger
Parasite Egg Count
Selection
Gene
Strongylida Infections
Analysis of Variance
Host (biology)
Life history traits
biology.organism_classification
030104 developmental biology
Nematode
Linear Models
bacteria
Parasitology
Gene expression
Heligmosomoides polygyrus
RNA
Helminth
[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology
environment/Symbiosis
030215 immunology
Zdroj: Experimental Parasitology
Experimental Parasitology, Elsevier, 2017, 181, pp.14-22. 〈http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489417300528?via%3Dihub〉. 〈10.1016/j.exppara.2017.07.002〉
Experimental Parasitology, Elsevier, 2017, 181, pp.14-22. ⟨10.1016/j.exppara.2017.07.002⟩
ISSN: 0014-4894
1090-2449
Popis: 9 pages; International audience; Parasitic organisms have to cope with the defences deployed by their hosts and this can be achieved adopting immune evasion strategies or optimal life history traits according to the prevailing pattern of immune-mediated mortality. Parasites often encounter variable immune environments both within and between hosts, promoting the evolution of plastic strategies instead of fixed responses. Here, we explored the plasticity and micro-evolutionary responses of immunomodulatory mechanisms and life history traits to the immune environment provided by the host, using the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. To test if the parasite responds plastically to the immune environment, we stimulated the systemic inflammatory response of mice and we assessed i) the expression of two genes with candidate immunomodulatory functions (Hp-Tgh2 and Hp-CPI); ii) changes in the number of eggs shed in the faeces. To test if the immune environment induces a micro-evolutionary response in the parasite, we maintained the nematode in mice whose inflammatory response was up- or down-regulated during four generations. We found that H. polygyrus plastically responded to a sudden rise of pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulating the expression of two candidate genes involved in the process of immune modulation, and enhancing egg output. At the micro-evolutionary level, parasites maintained in hosts experiencing different levels of inflammation did not have differential expression of Hp-Tgh2 and Hp-CPI genes when infecting unmanipulated, control, mice. However, parasites maintained in mice with an up-regulated inflammation shed more eggs compared to the control line. Overall, our study shows that H. polygyrus can plastically adjust the expression of immunomodulatory genes and life history traits, and responds to selection exerted by the host immune system.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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