Gut microbiota and its mysteries
| Autor: | Sribal Selvarajan, Krishna G Seshadri, Premalatha Pushpanathan, Gifty Sara Mathew, Padma Srikanth |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Microbiology (medical) obesity Firmicutes type 2 diabetes mellitus medicine.medical_treatment 030106 microbiology Immunology Antimicrobial peptides lcsh:QR1-502 Disease Gut flora Microbiology digestive system lcsh:Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous) medicine Animals Humans Immunology and Allergy 030212 general & internal medicine Exercise Life Style General Immunology and Microbiology biology gut microbiota Research Prebiotic Fatty liver digestive oral and skin physiology Disease Management Biodiversity medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Diet Gastrointestinal Microbiome Infectious Diseases Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 probiotics faecal transplant Female Disease Susceptibility Steatohepatitis Dysbiosis |
| Zdroj: | Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol 37, Iss 2, Pp 268-277 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 1998-3646 0255-0857 |
| Popis: | Gut microbiota are microorganisms that inhabit the gut; they coexist peacefully with the host, thereby contributing to the health and well-being of individuals. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes largely dominate the gut microbial flora. The intestinal flora promotes intestinal mucosal integrity, provides essential nutrients such as vitamins and enzymes, protects the body against pathogens and produces antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, C-type lectins, cathelicidins, they also play an active role in the innate and adaptive immune system. Gut microbial flora plays an active role in the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, propionate and acetate. Gut microbiota also plays a significant role in the cognitive and behavioural functions of the host. A balanced gut microbiota shifts to dysbiosis, due to intake of high fat or sugar or other factors like sedentary lifestyle. The dysbiosis of the gut results in increased permeability, endotoxaemic, insulin resistant, systemic inflammation, adiposity and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, irritable bowel disorder, colorectal cancer, etc. A prudent lifestyle modification, added on with use of probiotics and prebiotic restore the normal flora of the gut, especially in patients with Clostridium difficle-associated diarrhoea, inflammatory bowel syndrome, liver disease and colon cancer. Faecal microbial transplant is an important therapeutic tool in many illness related with the gut. Thereby, understanding the gut microbial signatures in various diseases yields various novel therapeutic targets. Human gut microbiota has a prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic potential which is recognised worldwide. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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