Embryologic and Fetal Development of the Human Eyelid
| Autor: | Hatem A. Tawfik, Yousef A. Fouad, Jonathan J. Dutton, Mohamed H. Abdulhafez |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Mesoderm genetic structures Morphogenesis Extraocular muscles Fetal Development 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cranial neural crest Orbital fat medicine Major Review Humans Neuroectoderm business.industry Eyelids General Medicine Anatomy eye diseases body regions Ophthalmology 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure 030221 ophthalmology & optometry Surgery Eyelid sense organs business Neuroscience Orbit (anatomy) |
| Zdroj: | Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |
| DOI: | 10.17615/1qm5-7h13 |
| Popis: | Purpose: To review the recent data about eyelid morphogenesis, and outline a timeline for eyelid development from the very early stages during embryonic life till final maturation of the eyelid late in fetal life. Methods: The authors extensively review major studies detailing human embryologic and fetal eyelid morphogenesis. These studies span almost a century and include some more recent cadaver studies. Numerous studies in the murine model have helped to better understand the molecular signals that govern eyelid embryogenesis. The authors summarize the current findings in molecular biology, and highlight the most significant studies in mice regarding the multiple and interacting signaling pathways involved in regulating normal eyelid morphogenesis. Results: Eyelid morphogenesis involves a succession of subtle yet strictly regulated morphogenetic episodes of tissue folding, proliferation, contraction, and even migration, which may occur simultaneously or in succession. Conclusions: Understanding the extraordinary process of building eyelid tissue in embryonic life, and deciphering its underlying signaling machinery has far reaching clinical implications beyond understanding the developmental abnormalities involving the eyelids, and may pave the way for achieving scar-reducing therapies in adult mammalian wounds, or control the spread of malignancies. The authors describe in detail the recent advances in the knowledge of embryological and fetal development of the eyelids, and briefly outline the molecular basis of eyelid morphogenesis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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