A New Threshold Reveals The Uncertainty About The Effect of School Opening On Diffusion of Covid-19
| Autor: | Elena Beretta, Andrea Aspri, Muyan Jiang, Alberto Gandolfi, Khola Jamshad |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Physics - Physics and Society
Diffusion (acoustics) genetic structures Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Transmission rate Population FOS: Physical sciences Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) Dynamical Systems (math.DS) Brief periods Pandemic FOS: Mathematics Econometrics Humans Mathematics - Dynamical Systems Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution Child education Pandemics Mathematics education.field_of_study Multidisciplinary Schools SARS-CoV-2 Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) 92D30 37N25 (Primary) 34A34 34A30 (Secondary) COVID-19 I.6.m nervous system Vaccination Campaigns FOS: Biological sciences Quarantine |
| DOI: | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-472359/v1 |
| Popis: | We aim at clarifying the controversy about the effects of school openings or closures on the course of the Covid-19 pandemic. The mathematical analysis of compartmental models with subpopulations shows that the in-school contact rates affects the overall course of the pandemic only above a certain threshold that separates an influence phase from a non-influence one. The threshold, that we calculate via linear approximation in several cases, seems to appear in all contexts, including outbreaks or new strains upsurge, lockdowns, and vaccination campaigns excluding children, albeit with different values. Our theoretical findings are then confirmed by several data-driven studies that have previously identified the phase transition in specific cases. Specific outcomes of this study are: opposite conclusions reached by studies of the same or similar situations might depend on, possibly small, differences in modeling or in parameter estimation from the very noisy Covid-19 data, that result in identifying different phases; it is possible to keep schools open at any stage of the Covid-19 pandemic, but suitably strict rules must be applied at all times or else this becomes highly detrimental to virus containment efforts; as the threshold during vaccination turns out to correspond to the internal transmission rate that would lead to virus extinction if the school population was isolated, the needed strict control can be sustained only for very brief periods; as a result, either schools will have to face a prolonged closure or children need to be vaccinated as well. 31 pages, 11 figures |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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