Delayed Neurotoxicity and Other Consequences of Organophosphate Esters
| Autor: | Ronald L. Baron |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1981 |
| Předmět: |
Chemical Warfare Agents
Organophosphate pesticides Biology Agricultural pesticides World Health Organization Modern life Structure-Activity Relationship chemistry.chemical_compound Government Agencies Organophosphorus Compounds Environmental health Animals Humans Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Dose-Response Relationship Drug Organophosphate Pesticide United States Delayed neurotoxicity Tritolyl Phosphates Disease Models Animal Parathion chemistry Insect Science Cholinesterase Inhibitors Nervous System Diseases Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases |
| Zdroj: | Annual Review of Entomology. 26:29-48 |
| ISSN: | 1545-4487 0066-4170 |
| DOI: | 10.1146/annurev.en.26.010181.000333 |
| Popis: | Organophosphorous chemicals, and particularly the organophosphate es ters, have an impact upon every aspect of modern life; research and develop ment has resulted in their use as industrial chemicals, agricultural pesticides, and even as chemical warfare agents. Initially led by Gerhard Schrader in Germany, the I. G. Farben Industries were instrumental in developing precursors of many of the currently used organophosphate es ters. Schradan, named for its inventor, was one of the first organophosphate pesticides to be used in commercial agriculture, and parathion, another of Schrader's discoveries, is currently one of the most widely used pesticides (43, 71). Some of the properties that have attracted investigators to develop or ganophosphate esters as pesticides are their relatively high acute toxicity, the limited residual nature of the molecule, and the relatively low cost of manufacture. Because of growing problems of pest resistance to chlorinated pesticides and environmental concerns raised through the use of persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons, the organophosphate esters have been viewed as effective. inexpensive. and safe substitutes for many chlorinated hydrocar bons. Results of studies performed to evaluate potential hazards have been encouraging in that few outstanding long-term effects have been observed. Certain adverse physiological events such as possible ophthalmological problems and behavioral abnormalities have been reported but, having been reviewed recently (40, 73, 91), were not considered in this review. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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