Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles

Autor: Shuji Shigenobu, Kouhei Toga, Mutsuki Mase, Junko Morita, Teruyuki Niimi, Yasuhiro Kitano, Laura Corley Lavine, Robert A. Zinna, Hiroki Gotoh, Koji Kadota, Jema Rushe, Takeshi Mizutani, Karen Yuzaki, Takahiro Ohde, Shinichi Morita, Moe Nakata, Yuta Ito, Kenshi Wada, Douglas J. Emlen
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
Life Cycles
Biochemistry
RNA interference
Larvae
Beetles
Genus
Medicine and Health Sciences
Genetics (clinical)
Dynastinae
Dung beetle
Horns
Appendage
Dung Beetles
Drosophila Melanogaster
Eukaryota
Gene Expression Regulation
Developmental
Animal Models
Thorax
Biological Evolution
Insects
Nucleic acids
Coleoptera
Phenotype
Genetic interference
Experimental Organism Systems
Larva
Epigenetics
Drosophila
Anatomy
Research Article
lcsh:QH426-470
Arthropoda
Zoology
Rhinoceros
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
03 medical and health sciences
Model Organisms
Species Specificity
Genetics
Animals
Scarabaeinae
Molecular Biology
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
Horn (anatomy)
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
biology.organism_classification
Invertebrates
lcsh:Genetics
030104 developmental biology
Onthophagus
Animal Studies
RNA
Gene expression
Developmental Biology
Zdroj: PLoS Genetics
PLoS Genetics, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e1007651 (2018)
ISSN: 1553-7404
1553-7390
Popis: Beetle horns are attractive models for studying the evolution of novel traits, as they display diverse shapes, sizes, and numbers among closely related species within the family Scarabaeidae. Horns radiated prolifically and independently in two distant subfamilies of scarabs, the dung beetles (Scarabaeinae), and the rhinoceros beetles (Dynastinae). However, current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying horn diversification remains limited to a single genus of dung beetles, Onthophagus. Here we unveil 11 horn formation genes in a rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. These 11 genes are mostly categorized as larval head- and appendage-patterning genes that also are involved in Onthophagus horn formation, suggesting the same suite of genes was recruited in each lineage during horn evolution. Although our RNAi analyses reveal interesting differences in the functions of a few of these genes, the overwhelming conclusion is that both head and thoracic horns develop similarly in Trypoxylus and Onthophagus, originating in the same developmental regions and deploying similar portions of appendage patterning networks during their growth. Our findings highlight deep parallels in the development of rhinoceros and dung beetle horns, suggesting either that both horn types arose in the common ancestor of all scarabs, a surprising reconstruction of horn evolution that would mean the majority of scarab species (~35,000) actively repress horn growth, or that parallel origins of these extravagant structures resulted from repeated co-option of the same underlying developmental processes.
Author summary Goliath and Hercules beetles include some of the largest insects known, and the horns they wield are spectacular. These ‘rhinoceros’ beetles form a subfamily within the Scarabaeidae, a clade containing ~35,000 primarily hornless species. The other subfamily of horned scarabs, dung beetles, is distantly related and their horns are considered a separate origin and parallel radiation. We characterize horn development in a rhinoceros beetle and show that the details are surprisingly similar to the horns of dung beetles. Our results reveal exciting parallels at the level of underlying developmental mechanism. The superficial similarity of these two types of beetle horns mirrors an even deeper similarity in the pathways and genes responsible for their construction.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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