Versatile Functions of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System

Autor: Bilal Haider Shamsi, Mahanand Chatoo, Xiao Kang Xu, Xun Xu, Xue Qun Chen
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
gastrointestine (GI)
0301 basic medicine
Somatostatin-Secreting Cells
endocrine system
Sympathetic Nervous System
Mini Review
Endocrinology
Diabetes and Metabolism
Antineoplastic Agents
Enteroendocrine cell
Cell Communication
somatostatin
Ligands
lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Enteric Nervous System
03 medical and health sciences
Paracrine signalling
Endocrinology
0302 clinical medicine
Parasympathetic Nervous System
parasitic diseases
Animals
Homeostasis
Humans
Medicine
Endocrine system
Receptors
Somatostatin
inflammation response
Autocrine signalling
Cell Proliferation
Inflammation
Neurons
lcsh:RC648-665
Somatostatin receptor
business.industry
Prognosis
somatostatin receptor
Gastrointestinal Tract
Disease Models
Animal
030104 developmental biology
Somatostatin
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Cancer research
Enteric nervous system
business
hormones
hormone substitutes
and hormone antagonists
Hormone
Zdroj: Frontiers in Endocrinology
Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
ISSN: 1664-2392
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652363
Popis: Somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) play an important role in the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. SST is produced in various organs and cells, and the inhibitory function of somatostatin-containing cells is involved in a range of physiological functions and pathological modifications. The GI system is the largest endocrine organ for digestion and absorption, SST-endocrine cells and neurons in the GI system are a critical effecter to maintain homeostasis via SSTRs 1-5 and co-receptors, while SST-SSTRs are involved in chemo-sensory, mucus, and hormone secretion, motility, inflammation response, itch, and pain via the autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exoendocrine pathways. It is also a power inhibitor for tumor cell proliferation, severe inflammation, and post-operation complications, and is a first-line anti-cancer drug in clinical practice. This mini review focuses on the current function of producing SST endocrine cells and local neurons SST-SSTRs in the GI system, discusses new development prognostic markers, phosphate-specific antibodies, and molecular imaging emerging in diagnostics and therapy, and summarizes the mechanism of the SST family in basic research and clinical practice. Understanding of endocrines and neuroendocrines in SST-SSTRs in GI will provide an insight into advanced medicine in basic and clinical research.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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