Increasing stratification as observed by satellite sea surface salinity measurements

Autor:	Estrella Olmedo, Antonio Turiel, Verónica González-Gambau, Cristina González-Haro, Aina García-Espriu, Carolina Gabarró, Marcos Portabella, Ignasi Corbella, Manuel Martín-Neira, Manuel Arias, Rafael Catany, Roberto Sabia, Roger Oliva, Klaus Scipal
Přispěvatelé:	Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Space Agency, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RF&MW - Grup de Recerca de sistemes, dispositius i materials de RF i microones
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2022
Předmět:	Intensification Salinity Multidisciplinary Satèl·lits artificials en oceanografia Escalfament global Evaporació Global warming Global water Climate Evaporation Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Canvi climàtic [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] Temperature Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Oceanografia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] Barrier layer Validation Artificial satellites in oceanography Salinitat Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Satèl·lits i ràdioenllaços [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] Variability Cyclesoil-moisture
Zdroj:	UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-022-10265-1
Popis:	9 pages, 4 figures, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10265-1.-- This work is a contribution to CSIC PTI Teledetect Changes in the Earth’s water cycle can be estimated by analyzing sea surface salinity. This variable reflects the balance between precipitation and evaporation over the ocean, since the upper layers of the ocean are the most sensitive to atmosphere–ocean interactions. In situ measurements lack spatial and temporal synopticity and are typically acquired at few meters below the surface. Satellite measurements, on the contrary, are synoptic, repetitive and acquired at the surface. Here we show that the satellite-derived sea surface salinity measurements evidence an intensification of the water cycle (the freshest waters become fresher and vice-versa) which is not observed at the in-situ near-surface salinity measurements. The largest positive differences between surface and near-surface salinity trends are located over regions characterized by a decrease in the mixed layer depth and the sea surface wind speed, and an increase in sea surface temperature, which is consistent with an increased stratification of the water column due to global warming. These results highlight the crucial importance of using satellites to unveil critical changes on ocean–atmosphere fluxes This work was supported in part by the Spanish R&D project L-BAND (ESP2017-89463-C3-1-R), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and project INTERACT (PID2020-114623RB-C31), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. , and in part by the European Space Agency by means of the Contract SMOS ESL L2OS. We also acknowledge funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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