Common explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX) and their fate in the environment: Emphasizing bioremediation
| Autor: | Sibnarayan Datta, Dharmendra K. Gupta, Soumya Chatterjee, Clemens Walther, Utsab Deb |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Environmental Engineering Explosive material Environmental remediation Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Detonation 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Bioremediation Explosive Agents Environmental Chemistry Soil Pollutants 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Waste management Triazines Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine General Chemistry Contamination Pollution Azocines Phytoremediation 030104 developmental biology Biodegradation Environmental Environmental science Trinitrotoluene |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 184 |
| ISSN: | 1879-1298 |
| Popis: | Explosive materials are energetic substances, when released into the environment, contaminate by posing toxic hazards to environment and biota. Throughout the world, soils are contaminated by such contaminants either due to manufacturing operations, military activities, conflicts of different levels, open burning/open detonation (OB/OD), dumping of munitions etc. Among different forms of chemical explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) are most common. These explosives are highly toxic as USEPA has recommended restrictions for lifetime contact through drinking water. Although, there are several utilitarian aspects in anthropogenic activities, however, effective remediation of explosives is very important. This review article emphasizes the details of appropriate practices to ameliorate the contamination. Critical evaluation has also been made to encompass the recent knowledge and advancement about bioremediation and phytoremediation of explosives (especially TNT, RDX and HMX) along with the molecular mechanisms of biodegradation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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