A Combined Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Wall-Guided Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
Autor: | Edward Hopkins, Fabrizio Bonatesta, Davide Domenico Sciortino, D. Morrey, Changho Yang |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Control and Optimization
Particle number 020209 energy Nuclear engineering Analytical chemistry Energy Engineering and Power Technology computational fluid dynamics 02 engineering and technology Computational fluid dynamics Combustion lcsh:Technology charge homogeneity Homogeneity (physics) 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering mixture preparation Engineering (miscellaneous) Gasoline direct injection particulate matter gasoline direct injection lcsh:T Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Chemistry particle number density particle size uniformity index Particulates Particle size business Order of magnitude Energy (miscellaneous) |
Zdroj: | Energies; Volume 10; Issue 9; Pages: 1408 Energies, Vol 10, Iss 9, p 1408 (2017) |
ISSN: | 1996-1073 |
DOI: | 10.3390/en10091408 |
Popis: | The latest generation of high-efficiency gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines continues to be a significant source of dangerous ultra-fine particulate matter (PM) emissions. The forthcoming advent in the 2017–2020 timeframe of the real driving emission (RDE) standards affords little time for the identification of viable solutions. The present research work aims to contribute towards a much-needed improved understanding of the process of PM formation in theoretically-homogeneous stoichiometric spark-ignition combustion. Experimental measurements of engine-out PM have been taken from a wall-guided GDI engine operated at part-load; through parallel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the test-engine, the process of mixture preparation was investigated. About 80% of the total particle number is emitted on average in the 5–50 nm range, with the vast majority being below the regulated lower limit of 23 nm. The results suggest that both improved charge homogeneity and lower peak combustion temperature contribute to lower particle number density (PNDen) and larger particle size, as engine speed and load increase. The effect of engine load is stronger and results from greater injection pressure through better fuel droplet atomisation. Increases in pre-combustion homogeneity of 6% are associated with one order of magnitude reductions of PNDen. A simplified two-equation functional model was developed, which returns satisfactory qualitative predictions of PNDen as a function of basic engine control variables. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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