Bridging the Gap: A Reticulo-Propriospinal Detour Bypassing an Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
| Autor: | Regula Schneider, Hansjörg Kasper, Oliver Weinmann, Anne K. Engmann, Timoleon Moraitis, Linard Filli, Miriam Gullo, Björn Zörner, Martin E. Schwab |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Filli, L |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Cell Count Motor Activity Biology Functional Laterality Lesion Neural Pathways Neuroplasticity medicine Animals Spinal cord injury Spinal Cord Injuries 10194 Institute of Neuroinformatics Neurons Medulla Oblongata Neuronal Plasticity Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Reticular Formation General Neuroscience 2800 General Neuroscience Recovery of Function Articles Anatomy Spinal cord medicine.disease Axons Rats Disease Models Animal Anterograde tracing medicine.anatomical_structure Spinal Cord Rats Inbred Lew Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 Excitatory postsynaptic potential 570 Life sciences biology Female Brainstem medicine.symptom Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Neuroscience. 34:13399-13410 |
| ISSN: | 1529-2401 0270-6474 |
| DOI: | 10.1523/jneurosci.0701-14.2014 |
| Popis: | Anatomically incomplete spinal cord injuries are often followed by considerable functional recovery in patients and animal models, largely because of processes of neuronal plasticity. In contrast to the corticospinal system, where sprouting of fibers and rearrangements of circuits in response to lesions have been well studied, structural adaptations within descending brainstem pathways and intraspinal networks are poorly investigated, despite the recognized physiological significance of these systems across species. In the present study, spontaneous neuroanatomical plasticity of severed bulbospinal systems and propriospinal neurons was investigated following unilateral C4 spinal hemisection in adult rats. Injection of retrograde tracer into the ipsilesional segments C3-C4 revealed a specific increase in the projection from the ipsilesional gigantocellular reticular nucleus in response to the injury. Substantial regenerative fiber sprouting of reticulospinal axons above the injury site was demonstrated by anterograde tracing. Regrowing reticulospinal fibers exhibited excitatory, vGLUT2-positive varicosities, indicating their synaptic integration into spinal networks. Reticulospinal fibers formed close appositions onto descending, double-midline crossing C3-C4 propriospinal neurons, which crossed the lesion site in the intact half of the spinal cord and recrossed to the denervated cervical hemicord below the injury. These propriospinal projections around the lesion were significantly enhanced after injury. Our results suggest that severed reticulospinal fibers, which are part of the phylogenetically oldest motor command system, spontaneously arborize and form contacts onto a plastic propriospinal relay, thereby bypassing the lesion. These rearrangements were accompanied by substantial locomotor recovery, implying a potential physiological relevance of the detour in restoration of motor function after spinal injury. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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