Optical Versus Electronic Implementation of Probabilistic Graphical Inference and Experimental Device Demonstration Using Nonlinear Photonics
| Autor: | Mark A. Neifeld, Patrick Keiffer, Robert A. Norwood, John Wissinger, Ratchaneekorn Thamvichai, Masoud Babaeian, Pierre Alexandre Blanche, N. Peyghambarian |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics
0301 basic medicine Normalization (statistics) Nonlinear optics Logarithm Computer science photonics Optical computing 01 natural sciences Multiplexing 010309 optics 03 medical and health sciences 0103 physical sciences Electronic engineering lcsh:QC350-467 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Very-large-scale integration nonlinear optical devices business.industry Probabilistic logic lcsh:TA1501-1820 ultrafast optics Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics Nonlinear system 030104 developmental biology optical computing Photonics business lcsh:Optics. Light |
| Zdroj: | IEEE Photonics Journal, Vol 10, Iss 5, Pp 1-12 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 1943-0647 |
| DOI: | 10.1109/jphot.2018.2871822 |
| Popis: | The probabilistic inference model has been widely used in various areas, such as error-control coding, machine learning, speech recognition, artificial intelligence, and statistics. In this paper, we study both computation and communications power consumption of optical-based and electronic-based implementations of the probabilistic inference algorithm used in solving large scale problems. Our analysis indicates that the optical implementation provides substantial reduction for power and area compare to the electronic-based solutions as problems become large. For a network with 1 million nodes and 100 alphabet size, our proposed wavelength multiplexed all-optical implementation requires approximately 200 kilowatts (kW) of power as compared with 1.47 gigawatts (GW) and 1.7 megawatts (MW) using CPU-based and subthreshold VLSI-based systems, respectively. The optical-based solution is tolerant to shot noise and imperfections of optical modules used in the architecture as well. We also performed an all-optical experimental verification of a graphical inference as the proof of concept and have demonstrated the essential mathematical operations, multiplication, and normalization (division), in photonics operations using nonlinear bulk materials. The normalization and multiplication are shown optically through a pump-probe saturation process and a logarithm-summation-exponential (log-sum-exp) operation, respectively. We used single mode silicon waveguide and single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as nonlinear optical materials to implement logarithm and exponential operations, respectively. The SWCNT is also used as the nonlinear component in the pump-probe saturation experiment to implement the normalization function. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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