Evaluating the cost and carbon footprint of second-life electric vehicle batteries in residential and utility-level applications
| Autor: | Dipti Kamath, Renata Michaela Arsenault, Hyung Chul Kim, Siddharth Shukla, Annick Anctil |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
business.product_category
business.industry 020209 energy 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Lithium 01 natural sciences Energy storage Automotive engineering Carbon Electric Power Supplies Electricity Photovoltaics Peaking power plant Greenhouse gas Electric vehicle 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Carbon footprint Environmental science Cost of electricity by source business Waste Management and Disposal Life-cycle assessment 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Carbon Footprint |
| Zdroj: | Waste management (New York, N.Y.). 113 |
| ISSN: | 1879-2456 |
| Popis: | The volume of end-of-life automotive batteries is increasing rapidly as a result of growing electric vehicle adoption. Most automotive lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are recycled but could be repurposed as second-life batteries (SLBs) since they have 70-80% residual capacity, which can be adequate for stationary applications. SLBs have been proposed as potential, inexpensive, low-carbon energy storage for residential and utility-level applications, with or without photovoltaics (PV). However, it is unknown whether SLBs will be better than new batteries and whether SLBs will provide similar cost and carbon emission reduction for the different stationary applications in all locations. This work compared the levelized cost of electricity and life-cycle carbon emissions associated with using SLBs and new LIBs in the US for three energy storage applications: (1) residential energy storage with rooftop PV, (2) utility-level PV firming, and (3) utility-level peak-shaving, leading to a total of 41 scenarios. SLBs reduced the levelized cost of electricity by 12-57% and carbon emissions by 7-31% compared to new LIBs in the considered applications, with higher reductions for utility-level applications. SLBs still provided benefits at the residential level when compared to rooftop PV alone by reducing the levelized cost by 15-25% and carbon emissions by 22-51%, making SLBs attractive to residential consumers as well. SLBs offer an opportunity to utilize an end-of-life product for energy storage applications, provided the uncertainty in SLB quality and availability is addressed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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