Characterizing the variability in chemical composition of flowback water – results from laboratory studies
| Autor: | Franziska E. Schmid, Wolf Munder, Franziska D.H. Wilke, Juraj Francu, Yaling Zhu, Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Fracturing fluid
Water composition Temperature and pressure Hydraulic fracturing Petroleum engineering Environmental science 010501 environmental sciences Unconventional oil 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences Oil shale Chemical composition 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Energy Procedia |
| Popis: | The large volumes and unknown composition of flowback and produced waters cause public concerns about the environmental and social compatibility of hydraulic fracturing and the exploitation of unconventional gas. Flowback and produced waters contain not only residues of fracking additives but also chemical species that are dissolved from the shales. Interactions of different shales with an artificial fracturing fluid were studied in lab experiments under ambient and elevated temperature and pressure conditions. Fluid-rock interactions change the chemical composition of the fracturing fluid and this indicates that geochemistry of the fractured shale needs to be considered to understand flowback water composition. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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