Emerging roles for multifunctional ion channel auxiliary subunits in cancer

Autor: William J. Brackenbury, Alexander Haworth
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Physiology
BK
large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel
GIRK
G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium channel
Ion Channels
DREAM
downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator
CLCA
chloride channel accessory
0302 clinical medicine
Neoplasms
Potassium channel
Cancer
biology
CLC
voltage-gated chloride channel
Chemistry
Sodium channel
KCNE2
VGKC
voltage-gated potassium channel
Transmembrane protein
Cell biology
Gene Expression Regulation
Neoplastic
Chloride channel
CaCC
calcium-activated chloride channel
KChIP
potassium channel interacting protein
VGSC
voltage-gated sodium channel
Signal Transduction
Article
03 medical and health sciences
Biomarkers
Tumor
CAM
cell-adhesion molecule
Auxiliary subunit
Animals
Humans
Kir
inwardly-rectifying potassium channel
Molecular Biology
Ion channel
ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
VGCC
voltage-gated calcium channel
Calcium channel
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
SUR
sulfonylurea receptor
Cell Biology
Oncogenes
Protein Subunits
030104 developmental biology
biology.protein
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Function (biology)
Zdroj: Cell Calcium
ISSN: 1532-1991
0143-4160
Popis: Graphical abstract
Highlights • Ion channels consist of conducting and non-conducting (auxiliary) subunits. • Auxiliary subunits regulate ion conductance and have non-conducting roles. • Ion channels control diverse cellular processes and are aberrantly expressed in cancer. • Auxiliary subunits play major roles in cancer cells, including regulating adhesion, migration, invasion and gene expression.
Several superfamilies of plasma membrane channels which regulate transmembrane ion flux have also been shown to regulate a multitude of cellular processes, including proliferation and migration. Ion channels are typically multimeric complexes consisting of conducting subunits and auxiliary, non-conducting subunits. Auxiliary subunits modulate the function of conducting subunits and have putative non-conducting roles, further expanding the repertoire of cellular processes governed by ion channel complexes to processes such as transcellular adhesion and gene transcription. Given this expansive influence of ion channels on cellular behaviour it is perhaps no surprise that aberrant ion channel expression is a common occurrence in cancer. This review will focus on the conducting and non-conducting roles of the auxiliary subunits of various Ca2+, K+, Na+ and Cl− channels and the burgeoning evidence linking such auxiliary subunits to cancer. Several subunits are upregulated (e.g. Cavβ, Cavγ) and downregulated (e.g. Kvβ) in cancer, while other subunits have been functionally implicated as oncogenes (e.g. Navβ1, Cavα2δ1) and tumour suppressor genes (e.g. CLCA2, KCNE2, BKγ1) based on in vivo studies. The strengthening link between ion channel auxiliary subunits and cancer has exposed these subunits as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However further mechanistic understanding is required into how these subunits contribute to tumour progression before their therapeutic potential can be fully realised.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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