Global assessment of national mandatory vaccination policies and consequences of non-compliance
| Autor: | Sailee Tambe, Robert Valeris-Chacin, Fareed A. Awan, Nicole E. Basta, Inari Mohammed, Katie Gravagna, Andy Becker, Traci L. Toomey |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Parents
media_common.quotation_subject Best practice Mandatory Programs Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Order (exchange) 030225 pediatrics Environmental health Penalties Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Child Vaccine hesitancy media_common Vaccines Schools General Veterinary General Immunology and Microbiology Health Policy Vaccination Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Mandatory Infectious Diseases Policy Vaccination policy Service (economics) Scale (social sciences) Molecular Medicine Mandate Business Diversity (business) Compliance |
| Zdroj: | Vaccine |
| ISSN: | 1873-2518 |
| Popis: | Background Declining vaccination coverage and increasing hesitancy is a worldwide concern. Many countries have implemented mandatory vaccination policies to promote vaccination. However, mandatory vaccination policies differ significantly by country. Beyond case studies, no comprehensive study has compared these policies or the penalties for non-compliance on a global scale. Methods We conducted extensive keyword, policy, and literature searches to identify mandatory national vaccination policies globally and develop a comprehensive database. A mandatory national vaccination policy was defined as a policy from a national authority that requires individuals to receive at least one vaccination based on age or to access a service. Two reviewers independently evaluated evidence for a mandate and whether non-compliance penalties were incorporated. We categorized penalties into four types, based on the nature of the penalty. These penalties impact an individual’s financial, parental rights, educational (i.e., child's school entry and access), and liberty status. We rated the severity within each category. Results Of 193 countries investigated, 54% (n = 105) had evidence of a nationwide mandate as of December 2018. The frequency, types, and severity of penalties varied widely across all regions. We found that 59% (n = 62) of countries with national mandates defined at least one penalty for non-compliance with a vaccine mandate. Among those, educational penalties (i.e., limiting a child's entry or ongoing access to school) were the most common (69%; n = 43), with most countries with educational penalties refusing school enrollment until vaccination requirements are met (81%; n = 35). Conclusion We undertook a comprehensive assessment of national mandatory vaccination policies and identified a diversity of penalties in place to promote compliance. Our results highlight the need to critically evaluate the implementation of non-compliance penalties in order to determine their effectiveness and to define best practices for sustaining high vaccination uptake worldwide. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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