Body-size shifts in aquatic and terrestrial urban communities

Autor: Lisa F. Baardsen, Katrien De Wolf, Koenraad Martens, Hans Van Dyck, Diego Fontaneto, Maxime Dahirel, Luc Lens, Frederik Hendrickx, Isa Schön, Thomas Merckx, Nicolas Debortoli, Dries Bonte, Aurélien Kaiser, Lynn Govaert, Elena Piano, Kristien I. Brans, Luc De Meester, Erik Matthysen, Hans Matheve, Janet Higuti, Caroline Souffreau, Karine Van Doninck, Marie Cours, Andros T. Gianuca, Jessie M. T. Engelen, Rose Sablon, T Backeljau
Přispěvatelé: Biology, Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie environnementale et évolutive ( URBE ), Département de Biologie, Université de Namur [Namur]-Université de Namur [Namur], Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ( UFZ ), State University of Maringá, University of Turin, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie environnementale et évolutive (URBE), Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur)-Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
Aquatic Organisms
Hot Temperature
MOTHS
Climate
01 natural sciences
Body Size
Multidisciplinary
Habitat fragmentation
Ecology
Biodiversity
URBANIZATION
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Urban ecology
Habitat
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Urban communities
Engineering sciences. Technology
Biologie
ORGANISMS
Sciences exactes et naturelles
DISPERSAL ABILITY
Animals
Ecosystem
Urbanization
METABOLIC THEORY
Biology
Evolution des espèces
ECOLOGY
010603 evolutionary biology
Body-size
BUTTERFLIES
Urban ecosystem function
PLANT
[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Science & Technology
Community
Ecologie
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
Fragmentation (computing)
15. Life on land
general
Ecological networks
Biological dispersal
BIODIVERSITY
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Urban ecosystem
RESPONSES
Zdroj: Nature
Nature, 2018, 〈10.1038/s41586-018-0140-0〉
Nature (London), 558 (7708
Nature, 2018, 558 (7708), pp.113-116. ⟨10.1038/s41586-018-0140-0⟩
Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, 558 (7708), pp.113-116. ⟨10.1038/s41586-018-0140-0⟩
Nature (Basingstoke, Online) 558 (2018): 113–116. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0140-0
info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Merckx T.; Souffreau C.; Kaiser A.; Baardsen L.F.; Backeljau T.; Bonte D.; Brans K.I.; Cours M.; Dahirel M.; Debortoli N.; De Wolf K.; Engelen J.M.T.; Fontaneto D.; Gianuca A.T.; Govaert L.; Hendrickx F.; Higuti J.; Lens L.; Martens K.; Matheve H.; Matthysen E.; Piano E.; Sablon R.; Schon I.; Van Doninck K.; De Meester L.; Van Dyck H./titolo:Body-size shifts in aquatic and terrestrial urban communities/doi:10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0140-0/rivista:Nature (Basingstoke, Online)/anno:2018/pagina_da:113/pagina_a:116/intervallo_pagine:113–116/volume:558
ISSN: 1476-4687
0028-0836
1476-4679
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0140-0〉
Popis: Body size is intrinsically linked to metabolic rate and life-history traits, and is a crucial determinant of food webs and community dynamics 1,2. The increased temperatures associated with the urban-heat-island effect result in increased metabolic costs and are expected to drive shifts to smaller body sizes 3. Urban environments are, however, also characterized by substantial habitat fragmentation 4 , which favours mobile species. Here, using a replicated, spatially nested sampling design across ten animal taxonomic groups, we show that urban communities generally consist of smaller species. In addition, although we show urban warming for three habitat types and associated reduced community-weighted mean body sizes for four taxa, three taxa display a shift to larger species along the urbanization gradients. Our results show that the general trend towards smaller-sized species is overruled by filtering for larger species when there is positive covariation between size and dispersal, a process that can mitigate the low connectivity of ecological resources in urban settings 5. We thus demonstrate that the urban-heat-island effect and urban habitat fragmentation are associated with contrasting community-level shifts in body size that critically depend on the association between body size and dispersal. Because body size determines the structure and dynamics of ecological networks 1 , such shifts may affect urban ecosystem function. Body size is a fundamental species trait relating to space use and key life-history features such as longevity and fecundity 6. It also drives interspecific relationships, thus affecting ecological network dynamics 1. Size-biased species loss has profound effects on ecosystem function 7,8. Ectotherms rely on ambient conditions to achieve operational body temperatures 9. Because higher ambient temperature increases metabolic rates and the associated costs for a given body size 2 , global climatic warming is expected to drive shifts to communities consisting of smaller species 3. Our planet is urbanizing quickly 10 , which is a primary example of human-induced rapid environmental change. Cities are urban heat islands characterized by increased temperatures that are decades ahead of global averages 11. Not only are cities warmer than surrounding areas, but they also experience extensive fragmentation of (semi-)natural habitats , and both of these effects increase with percentage built-up cover (BUC; a proxy for urbanization) 12,13. This provides an opportunity to study the opposing effects of size-dependent thermal tolerance and dispersal capacity, as larger body size favours dispersal in some, but not all, taxa. Here we test the hypothesis that urbanization causes shifts in community level body size, and that these shifts are dictated by the community specific association between body size and dispersal. We generally expect the urban-heat-island effect to drive shifts to species with smaller body sizes in communities of ectothermic species, in line with Atkinson's temperature-size rule 14. For taxa characterized by a positive association between body size and dispersal, however, we also expect a filtering in favour of larger-bodied species associated with habitat fragmentation 5,15. Filtering for increased mobility has been demonstrated for urban ground beetle and plant communities 16,17. Hence, for taxa characterized by a positive body-size-dispersal link, we predict that the general community-level pattern of smaller species with increasing urbanization may be neutralized or even reversed. To test our hypothesis, we engaged in an analysis of community-level shifts in body size across a broad range of both terrestrial and aquatic taxa along the same systematically sampled urbanization gradients. We studied the direction of change of community-level body size in ten taxa using a replicated, highly standardized and nested sampling design that covers urbanization gradients at seven spatial scales (50-3,200 m radii; Fig. 1). We sampled each taxon at up to 81 sites, sampling 95,001 individuals from 702 species, with species-specific body size varying by a factor of 400 (0.2-80 mm; Extended Data Table 1). Three of the ten groups are characterized by a positive association between body size and dispersal capacity (see Extended Data Table 1). We show that the local temperature of pond, grassland and woodland habitats significantly increases with urbanization (linear mixed regression models, P
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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