Improvement of composition of CdTe thin films during heat treatment in the presence of CdCl2
| Autor: | F. Fauzi, O. I. Olusola, M. L. Madugu, A. A. Ojo, N. A. Abdul-Manaf, I. M. Dharmadasa, Obi Kingsley Echendu, H. I. Salim |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
010302 applied physics
Materials science Scanning electron microscope Nanotechnology 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics 01 natural sciences Chemical reaction Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics Cadmium telluride photovoltaics Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials symbols.namesake Chemical engineering 0103 physical sciences symbols Crystallite Electrical and Electronic Engineering Thin film 0210 nano-technology Raman spectroscopy Electroplating Stoichiometry |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 28:2343-2352 |
| ISSN: | 1573-482X 0957-4522 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10854-016-5802-9 |
| Popis: | CdCl2 treatment is a crucial step in development of CdS/CdTe solar cells. Although this rocessing step has been used over a period of three decades, full understanding is not yet achieved. This paper reports the experimental evidence for improvement of composition of CdTe layers during CdCl2 treatment. This investigation makes use of four selected analytical techniques; Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) cell, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CdTe layers used were electroplated using three Cd precursors; CdSO4, Cd(NO3)2 and CdCl2. Results show the improvement of stoichiometry of CdTe layers during CdCl2 treatment through chemical reaction between Cd from CdCl2 and elemental Te that usually precipitate during CdTe growth, due to its natural\ud behaviour. XRD and SEM results show that the low-temperature (~85ºC) electroplated CdTe layers consist of ~(20-60) nm size crystallites, but after CdCl2 treatment, the layers show drastic recrystallisation with grains becoming a few microns in size. These CdCl2 treated\ud layers are then comparable to high temperature grown CdTe layers by the size of grains. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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