The first Super Massive Black Holes:indications from models for future observations
| Autor: | Stergios Amarantidis, Andrew J. Griffin, Bruno M. B. Henriques, Israel Matute, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez, Ranga-Ram Chary, Marta Volonteri, Claudia del P. Lagos, Cedric G. Lacey, Yuxiang Qin, Hugo Messias, Jose Afonso, Yohan Dubois, Ciro Pappalardo, Ray P. Norris |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Active galactic nucleus
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ST/N50404X/1 FOS: Physical sciences galaxies [Radio continuum] Astrophysics Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ST/K00042X/1 7. Clean energy 01 natural sciences ST/H008519/1 Physical cosmology high-redshift [Galaxies] galaxies: high-redshift Observatory quasars: general 0103 physical sciences Radiative transfer Galaxy formation and evolution 010303 astronomy & astrophysics STFC Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics radio continuum: galaxies Physics Supermassive black hole 010308 nuclear & particles physics Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics RCUK ST/K00087X/1 general [Quasars] Astronomy and Astrophysics Quasar ST/K003267/1 Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies Redshift galaxies [X-rays] X-rays: galaxies Space and Planetary Science Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ST/L00075X/1 [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] |
| Zdroj: | Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc., 2019, 485 (2), pp.2694-2709. ⟨10.1093/mnras/stz551⟩ Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, Vol.485(2), pp.2694-2709 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Amarantidis, S, Afonso, J, Messias, H, Henriques, B, Griffin, A, Lacey, C, Lagos, C D P, Gonzalez-Perez, V, Dubois, Y, Volonteri, M, Matute, I, Pappalardo, C, Qin, Y, Chary, R R & Norris, R P 2019, ' The first supermassive black holes : Indications from models for future observations ', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 485, no. 2, pp. 2694-2709 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551 Amarantidis, S, Afonso, J, Messias, H, Henriques, B, Griffin, A, Lacey, C, Lagos, C D P, Gonzalez-Perez, V, Dubois, Y, Volonteri, M, Matute, I, Pappalardo, C, Qin, Y, Chary, R-R & Norris, R P 2019, ' The first supermassive black holes : indications from models for future observations ', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 485, no. 2, pp. 2694-2709 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551 |
| Popis: | We present an exploration of the expected detection of the earliest Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the Universe from state-of-art galaxy formation and evolution semi-analytic models and hydro-dynamical simulations. We estimate the number and radiative characteristics of Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) at $z\geq 6$, a redshift range that will be intensively explored by the next generation of telescopes, in particular in the radio through the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and at high energies with ESA's Athena X-ray Observatory. We find that Athena will be able to observe over 5000 AGN/$\rm deg^2$ at the Epoch of Re-ionization (EoR), $6\leq z \leq 10$. Similarly, for the same redshift range the models/simulations suggest that SKA will detect at least 400 AGN/$\rm deg^2$. Additionally, we stress the importance of the volume of the simulation box as well as the initial physical conditions of the models/simulations on their effect on the luminosity functions (LFs) and the creation of the most massive SMBHs that we currently observe at the EoR. Furthermore, following the evolution of the accretion mode of the SMBHs in each model/simulation, we show that, while the quasar dominates over the radio mode at the EoR, detection at radio wavelengths still reaches significant numbers even at the highest redshifts. Finally, we present the effect that the radiative efficiency has on the LFs by comparing results produced with a constant value for the radiative efficiency and more complex calculations based on the spin of each SMBH. Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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