The long summer: Pre-wintering temperatures affect metabolic expenditure and winter survival in a solitary bee
| Autor: | Stefano Maini, Theresa L. Pitts-Singer, Jordi Bosch, William P. Kemp, Fabio Sgolastra, James S. Buckner |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Physiology Climate Change media_common.quotation_subject Cell Respiration Fat Body Longevity Population Dynamics Biology Diapause Animal science Weight loss Weight Loss Respiration medicine Animals Osmia lignaria media_common photoperiodism Ecology Voltinism Temperature Bees Lipid Metabolism biology.organism_classification Insect Science Female Seasons Megachilidae medicine.symptom Energy Metabolism |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Insect Physiology. 57:1651-1659 |
| ISSN: | 0022-1910 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.08.017 |
| Popis: | The impact of climate change on insect populations depends on specific life cycle traits and physiological adaptations. The solitary bee Osmia lignaria winters as a pre-emergent adult, and requires a period of cold temperature for winter diapause completion. It is a univoltine species, and diapause induction does not depend on photoperiod. To understand the potential effects of longer summers on O. lignaria populations, we exposed individuals to three treatments simulating early, mid and late winter arrivals, and measured respiration rates, metabolic expenditure, weight loss, fat body depletion, lipid levels and winter mortality. The early-winter treatment disrupted diapause development, but had no apparent negative effects on fitness. In contrast, late-winter bees had a greater energetic expenditure (1.5-fold), weight (1.4-fold) and lipid (2-fold) loss, greater fat body depletion, and a 19% increase in mortality compared to mid-winter bees. We also monitored adult eclosion and arrival of winter temperatures under natural conditions in four years. We found a positive correlation between mean degree-day accumulation during pre-wintering (a measure of asynchrony between adult eclosion and winter arrival) and yearly winter mortality. Individually, bees experiencing greater degree-day accumulations exhibited reduced post-winter longevity. Timing of adult eclosion in O. lignaria is dependent on the duration of the prepupal period, which occurs in mid-summer, is also diapause-mediated, and is longer in populations from southerly latitudes. In a global warming scenario, we expect long summer diapause phenotypes to replace short summer diapause phenotypes, effectively maintaining short pre-wintering periods in spite of delayed winter arrivals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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