Sensitivity to the depressogenic effect of stress and HPA-axis reactivity in adolescence: A review of gender differences

Autor: Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Esther M. C. Bouma
Rok vydání: 2011
Předmět:
Male
COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System
SEX-DIFFERENCES
Adolescent
Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Adolescent
Pituitary-Adrenal System
Review
Interpersonal communication
INCREASED FAMILIAL RISK
Affect (psychology)
Cortisol
Developmental psychology
Behavioral Neuroscience
Sex Factors
GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR GENE
TRANSPORTER PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM
Sex characteristics
medicine
Humans
Reactivity (psychology)
Depression (differential diagnoses)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Social stress
Depressive Disorder
Depression
PAST 10 YEARS
Critical Period
Psychological
Stressor
MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS
Adolescent Development
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
medicine.disease
Adaptation
Physiological
Adolescence
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Major depressive disorder
Female
PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS
Psychology
Life stress
Stress
Psychological
Zdroj: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 35:1757-1770
ISSN: 0149-7634
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.013
Popis: Adolescence is characterized by major biological, psychological, and social challenges, as well as by an increase in depression rates. This review focuses on the association between stressful experiences and depression in adolescence, and the possible role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA-)axis in this link. Adolescent girls have a higher probability to develop depressive symptoms than adolescent boys and preadolescents. Increasing evidence indicates that girls' higher risk of depression is partly brought about by an increased sensitivity for stressful life events, particularly interpersonal stressors, which are highly prevalent in adolescent girls. Genetic risk factors for depression, as well as those for stress sensitivity, are often expressed differently in girls and boys. Also environmental adversity tends to affect girls' stress responses more than those of boys. These gender-specific association patterns have been reported for both sensitivity to stressful life events and HPA-axis responses to social stress. Together, the findings suggest that girls are more malleable than boys in response to internal and external influences. This postulated greater malleability may be adaptive in many circumstances, but also brings along risk, such as an increased probability of depression.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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