Altered Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Just a Coincidence?
| Autor: | Giovanni Musso, F. Castellino, Renato Parente, Franco De Michieli, Elena Paschetta, Berrutti M, L. Framarin, Antonio Sircana, Nicola Leone |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Inflammation Type 2 diabetes Gut flora digestive system 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Insulin resistance Diabetes mellitus Internal Medicine medicine Animals Humans Glycemic Intestinal permeability biology business.industry Fecal Microbiota Transplantation medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Gastrointestinal Microbiome 030104 developmental biology Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Host-Pathogen Interactions Immunology Metabolome medicine.symptom business Dysbiosis |
| Zdroj: | Current Diabetes Reports. 18 |
| ISSN: | 1539-0829 1534-4827 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11892-018-1057-6 |
| Popis: | In the last decade many studies have suggested an association between the altered gut microbiota and multiple systemic diseases including diabetes. In this review, we will discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms, the latest findings regarding the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the results obtained with experimental modulation of microbiota. In T2D, gut dysbiosis contributes to onset and maintenance of insulin resistance. Different strategies that reduce dysbiosis can improve glycemic control. Evidence in animals and humans reveals differences between the gut microbial composition in healthy individuals and those with T2D. Changes in the intestinal ecosystem could cause inflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modulate metabolism of bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and metabolites that act synergistically on metabolic regulation systems contributing to insulin resistance. Interventions that restore equilibrium in the gut appear to have beneficial effects and improve glycemic control. Future research should examine in detail and in larger studies other possible pathophysiological mechanisms to identify specific pathways modulated by microbiota modulation and identify new potential therapeutic targets. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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