Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses
| Autor: | Dimitris Templalexis, Polydefkis Hatzopoulos, Dimitris Malliarakis, Vardis Ntoukakis, Konstantinos Koudounas, Stamatis Rigas, Dimitris Goumas, Konstantina Karamanou, Dimitris Chatzopoulos, Theologos Koufakis, Dikran Tsitsekian, Gerasimos Daras |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
monolignols
QH301-705.5 Biology Catalysis Article Microbiology Inorganic Chemistry Transcriptome transcriptomics Solanum lycopersicum Plant defense against herbivory Biology (General) Physical and Theoretical Chemistry QD1-999 Molecular Biology Pathogen Gene SB Spectroscopy gram-positive photosynthesis Phenylpropanoid Host (biology) defense lignin Organic Chemistry QK fungi food and beverages General Medicine biology.organism_classification QP Computer Science Applications QR Chemistry Crosstalk (biology) plant pathogen interaction RNA-seq plant immunity Clavibacter michiganensis phenylpropanoids |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume 22 Issue 16 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 8442, p 8442 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms22168442 |
| Popis: | The gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial canker disease in tomato, affecting crop yield and fruit quality. To understand how tomato plants respond, the dynamic expression profile of host genes was analyzed upon Cmm infection. Symptoms of bacterial canker became evident from the third day. As the disease progressed, the bacterial population increased in planta, reaching the highest level at six days and remained constant till the twelfth day post inoculation. These two time points were selected for transcriptomics. A progressive down-regulation of key genes encoding for components of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed. Two temporally separated defense responses were observed, which were to an extent interdependent. During the primary response, genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were diverted towards the synthesis of monolignols away from S-lignin. In dicots, lignin polymers mainly consist of G- and S-units, playing an important role in defense. The twist towards G-lignin enrichment is consistent with previous findings, highlighting a response to generate an early protective barrier and to achieve a tight interplay between lignin recomposition and the primary defense response mechanism. Upon progression of Cmm infection, the temporal deactivation of phenylpropanoids coincided with the upregulation of genes that belong in a secondary response mechanism, supporting an elegant reprogramming of the host transcriptome to establish a robust defense apparatus and suppress pathogen invasion. This high-throughput analysis reveals a dynamic reorganization of plant defense mechanisms upon bacterial infection to implement an array of barriers preventing pathogen invasion and spread. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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