Genomics Study of the Exposure Effect of Gymnodinium catenatum, a Paralyzing Toxin Producer, on Crassostrea gigas' Defense System and Detoxification Genes
| Autor: | Norma Y. Hernández-Saavedra, Reyna de Jesús Romero-Geraldo, Norma García-Lagunas |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Red tide
Harmful Algal Bloom lcsh:Medicine medicine.disease_cause Gene Expression Regulation Enzymologic Microbiology Isochrysis galbana Superoxide dismutase Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System Botany medicine Animals Crassostrea lcsh:Science Shellfish Multidisciplinary biology Toxin Superoxide Dismutase lcsh:R Dinoflagellate Haptophyta Feeding Behavior Genomics biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Shellfish poisoning Inactivation Metabolic biology.protein Dinoflagellida lcsh:Q Research Article Saxitoxin |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e72323 (2013) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Background: Crassostrea gigas accumulates paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) associated with red tide species as Gymnodinium catenatum. Previous studies demonstrated bivalves show variable feeding responses to toxic algae at physiological level; recently, only one study has reported biochemical changes in the transcript level of the genes involved in C. gigas stress response. Principal Findings: We found that 24 h feeding on toxic dinoflagellate cells (acute exposure) induced a significant decrease in clearance rate and expression level changes of the genes involved in antioxidant defense (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-SOD), cell detoxification (glutathione S-transferase, GST and cytochrome P450, CPY450), intermediate immune response activation (lipopolysaccharide and beta glucan binding protein, LGBP), and stress responses (glutamine synthetase, GS) in Pacific oysters compared to the effects with the non-toxic microalga Isochrysis galbana. A sub-chronic exposure feeding on toxic dinoflagellate cells for seven and fourteen days (30610 3 cells mL 21 ) showed higher gene expression levels. A significant increase was observed in Cu/Zn-SOD, GST, and LGBP at day 7 and a major increase in GS and CPY450 at day 14. We also observed that oysters fed only with G. catenatum (3610 3 cells mL 21 ) produced a significant increase on the transcription level than in a mixed diet (3610 3 cells mL 21 of G. catenatum+0.75610 6 cells mL 21 I. galbana )i n all the analyzed genes. Conclusions: Our results provide gene expression data of PST producer dinoflagellate G. catenatum toxic effects on C. gigas, a commercially important bivalve. Over expressed genes indicate the activation of a potent protective mechanism, whose response depends on both cell concentration and exposure time against these toxic microalgae. Given the importance of dinoflagellate blooms in coastal environments, these results provide a more comprehensive overview of how oysters respond to stress generated by toxic dinoflagellate exposure. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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