Medical marijuana laws and adolescent marijuana use in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Autor:	Aaron L. Sarvet, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Melanie M. Wall, Sandro Galea, Aline Le, Emily Greene, David S. Fink, Anne E. Boustead, Deborah S. Hasin, Katherine M. Keyes, Magdalena Cerdá
Rok vydání:	2018
Předmět:	medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Population 030508 substance abuse Medicine (miscellaneous) Medical Marijuana 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Marijuana use Epidemiology Prevalence medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine education National data education.field_of_study Legislation Drug United States 3. Good health Psychiatry and Mental health Systematic review Adolescent Behavior Strictly standardized mean difference Meta-analysis Law Marijuana Use 0305 other medical science Psychology Adolescent health
Zdroj:	Addiction. 113:1003-1016
ISSN:	0965-2140
DOI:	10.1111/add.14136
Popis:	Aims To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in order to estimate the effect of US medical marijuana laws (MMLs) on past-month marijuana use prevalence among adolescents. Methods A total of 2999 papers from 17 literature sources were screened systematically. Eleven studies, developed from four ongoing large national surveys, were meta-analyzed. Estimates of MML effects on any past-month marijuana use prevalence from included studies were obtained from comparisons of pre–post MML changes in MML states to changes in non-MML states over comparable time-periods. These estimates were standardized and entered into a meta-analysis model with fixed-effects for each study. Heterogeneity among the study estimates by national data survey was tested with an omnibus F-test. Estimates of effects on additional marijuana outcomes, of MML provisions (e.g. dispensaries) and among demographic subgroups were abstracted and summarized. Key methodological and modeling characteristics were also described. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results None of the 11 studies found significant estimates of pre–post MML changes compared with contemporaneous changes in non-MML states for marijuana use prevalence among adolescents. The meta-analysis yielded a non-significant pooled estimate (standardized mean difference) of −0.003 (95% confidence interval = −0.012, +0.007). Four studies compared MML with non-MML states on pre-MML differences and all found higher rates of past-month marijuana use in MML states pre-MML passage. Additional tests of specific MML provisions, of MML effects on additional marijuana outcomes and among subgroups generally yielded non-significant results, although limited heterogeneity may warrant further study. Conclusions Synthesis of the current evidence does not support the hypothesis that US medical marijuana laws (MMLs) until 2014 have led to increases in adolescent marijuana use prevalence. Limited heterogeneity exists among estimates of effects of MMLs on other patterns of marijuana use, of effects within particular population subgroups and of effects of specific MML provisions.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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