Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
| Autor: | David Reich, Valery Khartanovich, Wolfgang Haak, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Roberto Risch, Iosif Lazaridis, Eadaoin Harney, Matthias Meyer, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Harald Meller, Susanne Friederich, Johannes Krause, Guido Brandt, Christina Roth, Rafael Garrido Pena, Qiaomei Fu, Vayacheslav Moiseyev, Eszter Bánffy, Michael Kunst, Pavel Kuznetsov, Michael Francken, Sandra Pichler, Kurt W. Alt, Nadin Rohland, David W. Anthony, Alan Cooper, Alissa Mittnik, Nick Patterson, Joachim Wahl, Oleg Mochalov, Manuel Ángel Rojo Guerra, Christos Economou, Kristin Stewardson, Bastien Llamas, Swapan Mallick, Fredrik Hallgren, Nicole Nicklisch, Dorcas Brown, Susanne Nordenfelt |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Archaeogenetics Steppe Human Migration Population Dynamics Population Ancient history Corded Ware culture Indigenous Article Russia 03 medical and health sciences Cultural Evolution Humans 0601 history and archaeology Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution education History Ancient Language 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences geography education.field_of_study Polymorphism Genetic Multidisciplinary geography.geographical_feature_category 060102 archaeology Genome Human Indo-European languages Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) Languages of Europe 06 humanities and the arts Grassland Europe Eastern european Ancient DNA FOS: Biological sciences Period (geology) Ethnology |
| Popis: | We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost four hundred thousand polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of western and far eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, ~8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in Germany, Hungary, and Spain, different from indigenous hunter-gatherers, whereas Russia was inhabited by a distinctive population of hunter-gatherers with high affinity to a ~24,000 year old Siberian6. By ~6,000-5,000 years ago, a resurgence of hunter-gatherer ancestry had occurred throughout much of Europe, but in Russia, the Yamnaya steppe herders of this time were descended not only from the preceding eastern European hunter-gatherers, but from a population of Near Eastern ancestry. Western and Eastern Europe came into contact ~4,500 years ago, as the Late Neolithic Corded Ware people from Germany traced ~3/4 of their ancestry to the Yamnaya, documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery. This steppe ancestry persisted in all sampled central Europeans until at least ~3,000 years ago, and is ubiquitous in present-day Europeans. These results provide support for the theory of a steppe origin of at least some of the Indo-European languages of Europe. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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