Lifetime Fitness, Sex-Specific Life History, and the Maintenance of a Polyphenism
| Autor: | Ashley Hagan, Christopher J. Eden, Alycia C.R. Lackey, Jacqueline M. Doyle, Michael P. Moore, Morgan Geile, Nicole Gerlanc, Howard H. Whiteman |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0106 biological sciences Colorado media_common.quotation_subject Population Adaptation Biological Zoology Biology Ambystoma 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Sexual Behavior Animal Polyphenism Animals Mating Metamorphosis education Life History Traits reproductive and urinary physiology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Selection (genetic algorithm) media_common Sex Characteristics Larva education.field_of_study Reproductive success Reproduction fungi Metamorphosis Biological Longevity Phenotype Female 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | The American Naturalist. 194:230-245 |
| ISSN: | 1537-5323 0003-0147 |
| Popis: | Polyphenisms-alternative morphs produced through plasticity-can reveal the evolutionary and ecological processes that initiate and maintain diversity within populations. We examined lifetime fitness consequences of two morphs in a polyphenic population of Arizona tiger salamanders using a 27-year data set with 1,317 adults and 6,862 captures across eight generations. Larval salamanders develop into either an aquatic paedomorph that retains larval traits and stays in its natal pond or a terrestrial metamorph that undergoes metamorphosis. To evaluate the adaptive significance of this polyphenism, we compared lifetime reproductive success of each morph and assessed how life-history strategies and spatiotemporal variation explained fitness. We found sex-specific differences in lifetime fitness between morphs. For males, paedomorphs had more reproductive opportunities than metamorphs when we accounted for the potential mating advantage of larger males. For females, in contrast, metamorphs had higher estimated egg production than paedomorphs. Life-history strategies differed between morphs largely because the morphs maximized different ends of the trade-off between age at first reproduction and longevity. Spatiotemporal variation affected larval more than adult life-history traits, with little to no effect on lifetime fitness. Thus, environmental variation likely explains differences in morph production across time and space but contributes little to lifetime fitness differences between morphs and sexes. Our long-term study and measures of lifetime fitness provide unique insight into the complex selective regimes potentially acting on each morph and sex. Our findings motivate future work to examine how sex-specific selection may contribute to the maintenance of polyphenism. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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