Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced diarrhea: clinical incidence, toxicological mechanism, and management
Autor: | Gabriel Tao, Pavan Kumar Chityala |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0303 health sciences
Loperamide biology business.industry Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Cancer Review Toxicology medicine.disease Receptor tyrosine kinase 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis medicine Cancer research biology.protein Epidermal growth factor receptor Lung cancer business Adverse effect Tyrosine kinase 030304 developmental biology medicine.drug EGFR inhibitors |
Zdroj: | Toxicol Res (Camb) |
ISSN: | 2045-452X |
Popis: | The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is a class of receptor tyrosine kinase playing a central role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. The members of this family, particularly EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are the most extensively studied drug targets for malignancy. Today, numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR family have been developed to combat non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancer. However, severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity leading to dose reduction and treatment discontinuation hampers the therapeutic outcome of EGFR inhibitors. Diarrhea is one of the most frequent GI side effects, especially when it comes to second-generation EGFR inhibitors. Enterocytes apoptosis and increased inflammation accompany with many oral EGFR inhibitors. Loperamide and budesonide are the first-line treatment to manage such adverse effects. However, current prophylaxis and management are all empirical interventions to relieve the symptom. They do not specifically target the toxicological mechanism of EGFR inhibitors. Hereby, those anti-diarrhea agents do not work well when used in cancer patients experiencing EGFR inhibitor-induced diarrhea. On the other hand, the toxicological mechanism of EGFR inhibitor-induced diarrhea is poorly understood. Thus, determining the mechanism behind such diarrhea is urgently in need for developing genuinely effective anti-diarrhea agents. This review aims to call attention to EGFR inhibitor-induced diarrhea, a highly occurring and devastating cancer drug toxicity. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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