Ecotoxicological evaluation of imazalil transformation products on Eisenia Andrei
Autor: | Enrico Mendes Saggioro, Fábio Veríssimo Correia, Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior, Patrícia Christina Genázio Pereira, Margarita Jiménez-Tototzintle |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Antioxidant Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis medicine.medical_treatment Eisenia andrei 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law Toxicology 01 natural sciences Soil medicine Animals Soil Pollutants Ecotoxicology Food science Oligochaeta 0105 earth and related environmental sciences biology Chemistry Earthworm Imidazoles General Medicine Pesticide biology.organism_classification 010602 entomology Transformation (genetics) Catalase Toxicity biology.protein |
Zdroj: | Ecotoxicology. 30:198-212 |
ISSN: | 1573-3017 0963-9292 |
Popis: | Data concerning the toxicity of the transformation products of some pesticides considered emerging contaminants are still incipient. This study aimed to evaluate acute (filter paper contact and avoidance test) and chronic (assays carried out in Red yellow Ultisoil) effects of the transformation products of the fungicide imazalil (IMZ) by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/UV) in Eisenia andrei. Some endpoints, i.e. biomass variation, disorder in reproduction and avoidance behavior, cytotoxicity (cell density and feasibility), and coelomic fluid (eleocytes and amoebocytes, immune cell) and antioxidant system (catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) changes were assessed. The studied degradation times (6, 18, 35 and 90 min) represented 70; 35; 10 and 0% of the initial IMZ concentration (5 mg L−1). No lethality and no significant difference in biomass variations were noted in the acute contact test. Decreased GST and increased CAT activities, as well as cell typing alterations and decreased cell viability and density detected at the 90-min degradation timepoint (PDT-90) indicate direct cytotoxic IMZ transformation product effects. In the avoidance test, no significant earthworm repulsion or attraction was observed. PDT-90 transformation products were responsible for losses in biomass and a reduction in the number of earthworm cocoons and juveniles present in soil. No cytotoxic effects were observed in the long term, although increased CAT and decreased GST activities were observed. Investigations on the relative toxicity of IMZ transformation products are relevant for future discussions regarding the environmental treatment, control and destination of this compound and its derivatives. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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