Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Waterborne Pathogen Legionella in Industrial Cooling Tower Environments
| Autor: | Yongguang Li, Hongmei Song, Hongyu Ren, Liping Li, Haijian Zhou, Lijie Li, Dong Zhao, Tian Qin, Yun Li |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
China
Legionella Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Virulence lcsh:Medicine Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Legionella pneumophila Article law.invention Microbiology Bacterial Proteins law Prevalence Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis medicine cooling tower water Air Conditioning Prospective Studies Cooling tower Typing Legionella monitoring Polymerase chain reaction water pollution Polymorphism Genetic biology aquatic bacteria lcsh:R Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Electrophoresis Gel Pulsed-Field molecular characteristics Legionnaires' disease Legionnaires' Disease Water Microbiology |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 12, Iss 10, Pp 12605-12617 (2015) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 12 Issue 10 Pages 12605-12617 |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| Popis: | Cooling towers are a source of Legionnaires’ disease. It is important from a public health perspective to survey industrial cooling towers for the presence of Legionella. Prospective surveillance of the extent of Legionella pollution was conducted at factories in Shijiazhuang, China between March 2011 and September 2012. Overall, 35.7% of 255 industrial cooling tower water samples showed Legionella-positive, and their concentrations ranged from 100 Colony-Forming Units (CFU)/liter to 88,000 CFU/liter, with an average concentration of 9100 CFU/liter. A total of 121 isolates were obtained. All isolates were L. pneumophila, and the isolated serogroups included serogroups 1 (68 isolates, 56.2%), 6 (25, 20.7%), 5 (12, 9.9%), 8 (8, 6.6%), 3 (6, 5.0%) and 9 (2, 1.6%). All 121 isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and 64 different patterns were obtained. All 121 isolates were analyzed sequence-based typing (SBT), a full 7-allele profile was obtained from 117 isolates. One hundred and seventeen isolates were divided into 49 sequence types. Two virulence genes, lvh and rtxA, are analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 92.6% (112/121) and 98.3% (119/121) isolates carried lvh and rtxA respectively and 90.9% (110/121) of tested isolates carried both genes. Our results demonstrated high prevalence and genetic polymorphism of L. pneumophila in industrial cooling tower environments in Shijiazhang, China, and the SBT and virulence gene PCR results suggested that the isolates were pathogenic. Improved control and prevention strategies are urgently needed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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