Sex steroid hormones and the neural control of breathing
| Autor: | A. G. Zabka, Gordon S. Mitchell, Cathy F. Thomas, Mary Behan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2003 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Serotonin medicine.medical_specialty Physiology medicine.drug_class Biology Serotonergic Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Nervous System Physiological Phenomena Respiratory system Gonadal Steroid Hormones Testosterone Estrous cycle Respiration General Neuroscience Respiration Disorders Endocrinology Control of respiration Estrogen Sex steroid Female Steroids Hormone |
| Zdroj: | Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 136:249-263 |
| ISSN: | 1569-9048 |
| Popis: | We review evidence that sex steroid hormones including estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are involved in the central neural control of breathing. Sex hormones may exert their effects on respiratory motoneurons via neuromodulators, in particular, the serotonergic system. Recent studies have shown that levels of serotonin (5HT) in the hypoglossal and phrenic nuclei are greater in female than in male rats. Serotonin-dependent plasticity in hypoglossal and phrenic motor output also differs in male and female rats. Changing levels of gonadal hormones throughout the estrus cycle coincide with changing levels of 5HT in respiratory motor nuclei, and gonadectomy in male rats results in a decrease in 5HT-dependent plasticity in respiratory motor output. We speculate that sex steroid hormones are critically involved in adaptations in the neural control of breathing throughout life, and that decreasing levels of these hormones with increasing age may have a negative influence on the respiratory control system in response to challenge. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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