Obstructive sleep apnea: Electromyographic and fiberoptic studies
| Autor: | F. Blair Simmons, Michael W. Hill, William C. Dement, Christian Guilleminault |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1978 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Sleep Wake Disorders Apnea medicine.medical_treatment Electromyography Non-rapid eye movement sleep Tracheotomy Developmental Neuroscience medicine Fiber Optic Technology Humans Genioglossus medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Pharynx Middle Aged medicine.disease Electrodes Implanted Obstructive sleep apnea Laryngeal inlet medicine.anatomical_structure Neurology Anesthesia Wakefulness business |
| Zdroj: | Experimental Neurology. 62:48-67 |
| ISSN: | 0014-4886 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/0014-4886(78)90040-7 |
| Popis: | Seventeen predominantly obstructive sleep apnea patients and four normal controls (all adult males) underwent one or both investigative protocols: (A) A fiberoptic endoscope was introduced intranasally into the pharynx and subjects were monitored continuously and filmed intermittently during wakefulness and sleep. (B) Muscles selected because of their anatomical importance in maintaining the oropharynx during the respiratory cycle were electromyographically implanted intraorally or, in tracheostomy patients, at time of surgery, and subjects were polygraphically monitored during wakefulness and sleep. In both protocols, standard electroencephalogram, chin electromyogram (EMG), electrooculogram (EOG), and respiration were monitored simultaneously. During fiberoptic studies obstructive apnea during sleep first appeared as a partial or total invagination of the posterolateral pharyngeal walls, while the laryngeal inlet remained patent. EMG recordings showed normal firing patterns in patients during unobstructed sleep. During sleep-induced obstructive apnea, however, a significant decrease or complete disappearance of EMG activity was observed in the palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, genioglossus, superior and middle constrictors of the pharynx, and stylopharyngeus. The obstruction involves absence, during inspiration, of the activity in the pharyngeal dilators needed to counteract the loads abruptly imposed by intrathoracic negative pressure changes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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