The Gut–Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
| Autor: | Vadim Osadchiy, Emeran A. Mayer, Clair R. Martin |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Nervous system
Central nervous system Gut–brain axis Blood–brain barrier Article Biological Factors 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Humans Microbiome Irritable bowel syndrome Host Microbial Interactions Hepatology business.industry Microbiota digestive oral and skin physiology Gastroenterology Brain medicine.disease Gastrointestinal Microbiome Gastrointestinal Tract Autonomic nervous system medicine.anatomical_structure Drug development 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology business Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 17:322-332 |
| ISSN: | 1542-3565 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.10.002 |
| Popis: | Background & Aims Based largely on results from preclinical studies, the concept of a brain gut microbiome axis has been established, mediating bidirectional communication between the gut, its microbiome, and the nervous system. Limited data obtained in human beings suggest that alterations in these interactions may play a role in several brain gut disorders. Methods We reviewed the preclinical and clinical literature related to the topic of brain gut microbiome interactions. Results Well-characterized bidirectional communication channels, involving neural, endocrine, and inflammatory mechanisms, exist between the gut and the brain. Communication through these channels may be modulated by variations in the permeability of the intestinal wall and the blood-brain barrier. Brain gut microbiome interactions are programmed during the first 3 years of life, including the prenatal period, but can be modulated by diet, medications, and stress throughout life. Based on correlational studies, alterations in these interactions have been implicated in the regulation of food intake, obesity, and in irritable bowel syndrome, even though causality remains to be established. Conclusions Targets within the brain gut microbiome axis have the potential to become targets for novel drug development for brain gut disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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