Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat
| Autor: | Nils Ryrholm, Thomas Schmitt, Stefan Ehl, Stephanie I. J. Holzhauer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Entomology lcsh:Medicine Biology Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Animals Nectar lcsh:Science Ecosystem Sex Characteristics Multidisciplinary Wing Behavior Animal Arctic Regions Ecology Phenology lcsh:R Adaptation Physiological 030104 developmental biology Arctic Habitat lcsh:Q Female Adaptation Ecosystem ecology Animal Distribution Butterflies 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Scientific Reports Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 |
| Popis: | Arctic and alpine environments present extreme, but different, challenges to survival. We therefore studied the ecological adaptation of the arctic-alpine fritillary Boloria napaea in northern Sweden and compared these results with the eastern Alps. Using mark-release-recapture, we analysed phenology, mobility, activity patterns, change in wing condition and nectar sources. The phenology showed no protandry, but a longer flight period of the females. Wing conditions revealed a linear decay being quicker in males than females. The mean flight distances were higher for males than females (143 vs 92 m). In general, males were more flight active, while females invested more time in feeding and resting. The shortness of the flight period in the Arctic is apparently a particular adaptation to these harsh conditions, not even allowing protandry, and constraining all individuals to hatch during a short period. These conditions also forced the individuals to concentrate on flight and alimentation. In general, Arctic and Alpine populations of B. napaea show few differences, but the species seems to be even better adapted to the northern environments. Thus, the short temporal separation of these populations seems not to have been sufficient for a divergent adaptation in the southern mountains. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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