Donor screening for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis B virus infection in transfusion recipients
| Autor: | L R Solomon, F B Hollinger, Luiz H. Barbosa, George J. Nemo, Larry Mimms, Cladd E. Stevens, James W. Mosley, R D Aach |
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| Rok vydání: | 1995 |
| Předmět: |
HBsAg
medicine.medical_treatment Immunology Blood Donors Viremia medicine.disease_cause Polymerase Chain Reaction Antigen medicine Humans Immunology and Allergy Hepatitis Antibodies Hepatitis B virus biology business.industry Transfusion Reaction virus diseases Hematology Hepatitis C Hepatitis B medicine.disease Hepatitis B Core Antigens Virology digestive system diseases biology.protein Plasmapheresis Antibody business |
| Zdroj: | Transfusion. 35:5-12 |
| ISSN: | 1537-2995 0041-1132 |
| DOI: | 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1995.35195090661.x |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND: Testing for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) as a surrogate for hepatitis C viremia is no longer needed for blood donor screening. Currently, the important question is how much its use supplements hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) donor screening in preventing transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a study conducted in the 1970s, 64 blood donors were associated with 15 cases of HBV (1.0%) in 1533 transfusion recipients. Sera from 61 donors at donation and 29 follow-up visits were available for present-day assays for HBsAg, HBV DNA, anti-HBc, and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). RESULTS: HBsAg was found in four previously negative blood donors; HBV DNA was limited to three of these four. Anti-HBc was detected in six HBsAg-negative donors. Two other donors were negative in all assays at donation, but positive for anti- HBc and anti-HBs 2 to 4 months later. The remaining donors were negative for all HBV markers, which left five recipient cases unexplained. No HBV transmission was observed when anti-HBs sample-to- negative control values were > or = 10. CONCLUSION: Some 33 to 50 percent of cases of hepatitis B that could be transmitted by transfusion of blood from HBsAg-negative donors are prevented by anti- HBc screening. Anti-HBc-positive donors unequivocally positive for anti- HBs should be considered noninfectious for HBV and should be allowed to donate. Anti-HBc screening of paid plasmapheresis donors, supplemented by anti-HBs testing, would reduce the amount of HBV to be processed by virus inactivation and increase the content of anti-HBs in plasma pools. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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