Fungal Genomics in Respiratory Medicine: What, How and When?

Autor: Matthew C. Fisher, Amelie P Brackin, Johanna Rhodes, Sam J Hemmings
Přispěvatelé: Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council (MRC)
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Respiratory diseases
medicine.medical_specialty
POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION
Veterinary (miscellaneous)
IN-VITRO ACTIVITY
INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS
0607 Plant Biology
Molecular Diagnostic Method
Review
Mycology
Aspergillosis
medicine.disease_cause
ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Microbiology
Aspergillus fumigatus
Medical microbiology
PNEUMOCYSTIS-JIROVECII
Pulmonary Medicine
medicine
Humans
MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION
REAL-TIME PCR
Intensive care medicine
Cause of death
Coronavirus
Science & Technology
CYSTIC-FIBROSIS
biology
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
Mucormycosis
COVID-19
EXOPHIALA-DERMATITIDIS
WANGIELLA DERMATITIDIS
Genomics
medicine.disease
Molecular diagnostics
biology.organism_classification
Mycoses
business
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Agronomy and Crop Science
Zdroj: Mycopathologia
ISSN: 1573-0832
0301-486X
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00573-x
Popis: Respiratory infections caused by fungal pathogens present a growing global health concern and are a major cause of death in immunocompromised patients. Worryingly, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome has been shown to predispose some patients to airborne fungal co-infections. These include secondary pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Aspergillosis is most commonly caused by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and primarily treated using the triazole drug group, however in recent years, this fungus has been rapidly gaining resistance against these antifungals. This is of serious clinical concern as multi-azole resistant forms of aspergillosis have a higher risk of mortality when compared against azole-susceptible infections. With the increasing numbers of COVID-19 and other classes of immunocompromised patients, early diagnosis of fungal infections is critical to ensuring patient survival. However, time-limited diagnosis is difficult to achieve with current culture-based methods. Advances within fungal genomics have enabled molecular diagnostic methods to become a fast, reproducible, and cost-effective alternative for diagnosis of respiratory fungal pathogens and detection of antifungal resistance. Here, we describe what techniques are currently available within molecular diagnostics, how they work and when they have been used.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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