Genetic control of complex traits, with a focus on reproduction in pigs
| Autor: | Marleen L.W.J. Broekhuijse, Grant A. Walling, Ann Helen Gaustad, Egbert F. Knol, L J Zak, Alfonso Bolarín |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Infertility Litter (animal) Male Breeding program Swine media_common.quotation_subject Biology Breeding 03 medical and health sciences Semen quality Quantitative Trait Heritable Genetics medicine Animals Selection (genetic algorithm) media_common business.industry Reproduction 0402 animal and dairy science 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Cell Biology Heritability medicine.disease 040201 dairy & animal science Semen cryopreservation Biotechnology 030104 developmental biology Female business Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Molecular reproduction and development. 84(9) |
| ISSN: | 1098-2795 |
| Popis: | Reproductive traits are complex, and desirable reproductive phenotypes, such as litter size or semen quality, are true polygenetic traits determined by multiple gene regulatory pathways. Each individual gene contributes to the overall variation in these traits, so genetic improvements can be achieved using conventional selection methodology. In the past, a pedigree-based-relationship matrix was used; this is now replaced by a combination of pedigree-based- and genomic-relationship matrices. The heritability of reproductive traits is low to moderate, so large-scale data recording is required to identify specific, selectable attributes. Male reproductive traits-including ejaculate volume and sperm progressive motility-are moderately heritable, and could be used in selection programs. A few high-merit artificial-insemination boars can impact many sow populations, so additional knowledge about male reproduction-specifically pre-pubertal detection of infertility and the technologies of semen cryopreservation and sex sorting-should further improve global breeding efforts. Conversely, female pig reproduction is currently a limiting factor of genetic improvement. Litter size and farrowing interval are the main obstacles to increasing selection intensity and to reducing generation interval in a breeding program. Age at puberty and weaning-to-estrus interval can be selected for, thereby reducing the number of non-productive days. The number of piglets born alive and litter weights are also reliably influenced by genetic selection. Characterization of genotype-environment interactions will provide opportunities to match genetics to specific farm systems. Continued investment to understand physiological models for improved phenotyping and the development of technologies to facilitate pig embryo production for genetic selection are warranted to ensure optimal breeding in future generations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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