Vital Signs: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Diagnosis Delays — United States
| Autor: | H. Irene Hall, Ruiguang Song, Andre Dailey, Brooke E. Hoots, Demorah Hayes, Paul Fulton, Angela L. Hernandez, Linda J. Koenig, Joseph Prejean, Linda A. Valleroy |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Delayed Diagnosis Health (social science) Adolescent Epidemiology Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Population Vital signs HIV Infections Men who have sex with men Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Health Information Management Risk Factors Health care medicine Humans Mass Screening 030212 general & internal medicine Young adult education Mass screening education.field_of_study 030505 public health Vital Signs Transmission (medicine) business.industry Public health virus diseases General Medicine Middle Aged United States Population Surveillance Immunology Female 0305 other medical science business |
| Zdroj: | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |
| ISSN: | 1545-861X 0149-2195 |
| Popis: | Background Persons unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection account for approximately 40% of ongoing transmissions in the United States. Persons are unaware of their infection because of delayed HIV diagnoses that represent substantial missed opportunities to improve health outcomes and prevent HIV transmission. Methods Data from CDC's National HIV Surveillance System were used to estimate, among persons with HIV infection diagnosed in 2015, the median interval (and range) from infection to diagnosis (diagnosis delay), based on the first CD4 test after HIV diagnosis and a CD4 depletion model indicating disease progression and, among persons living with HIV in 2015, the percentage with undiagnosed infection. Data from CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance were analyzed to determine the percentage of persons at increased risk for HIV infection who had tested in the past 12 months and who had missed opportunities for testing. Results An estimated 15% of persons living with HIV in 2015 were unaware of their infection. Among the 39,720 persons with HIV infection diagnosed in 2015, the estimated median diagnosis delay was 3.0 years (interquartile range = 0.7-7.8 years); diagnosis delay varied by race/ethnicity (from 2.2 years among whites to 4.2 years among Asians) and transmission category (from 2.0 years among females who inject drugs to 4.9 years among heterosexual males). Among persons interviewed through National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 71% of men who have sex with men, 58% of persons who inject drugs, and 41% of heterosexual persons at increased risk for HIV infection reported testing in the past 12 months. In each risk group, at least two thirds of persons who did not have an HIV test had seen a health care provider in the past year. Conclusions Delayed HIV diagnoses continue to be substantial for some population groups and prevent early entry to care to improve health outcomes and reduce HIV transmission to others. Implications for public health practice Health care providers and others providing HIV testing can reduce HIV-related adverse health outcomes and risk for HIV transmission by implementing routine and targeted HIV testing to decrease diagnosis delays. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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