Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Airborne Fine Particulate Matter: A Case–Crossover Analysis of Emergency Medical Services Data in Indianapolis, Indiana
| Autor: | Frank S. Rosenthal, John P. Carney, Michael L. Olinger |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Indiana medicine.medical_specialty Time Factors case-crossover Heart disease Fine particulate Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis air pollution environmental health cardiac arrest complex mixtures Cardiovascular System CASE CROSSOVER Emergency medical services Humans Medicine Myocardial infarction Particle Size Aged particulate matter Air Pollutants Cross-Over Studies medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Research Incidence (epidemiology) EMS Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Middle Aged out-of-hospital medicine.disease Crossover study Heart Arrest Emergency medicine Female Medical emergency Emergency Service Hospital business Electrocardiography |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Health Perspectives |
| ISSN: | 1552-9924 0091-6765 |
| DOI: | 10.1289/ehp.10757 |
| Popis: | In the last decade, several studies have associated exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) with cardiac morbidity and mortality as well as effects on cardiac rhythms and electrocardiography. Although the exact nature of the mechanisms is still uncertain, some studies indicate that at least part of the increased mortality is attributable to acute cardiac events triggered by high PM levels. Attention has focused especially on the fraction of PM consisting of particles with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), which is considered a leading factor in inducing cardiovascular risks. For example, a hospital-based study by Peters et al. (2001) found that increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) was associated with higher levels of PM2.5 in the 1- to 3-hr period immediately preceding the MI. Previous studies investigating a link between heart disease deaths and short-term increases in particulate air pollution have found mixed results. Levy et al. (2001) found no association between daily PM2.5 levels and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Sullivan et al. (2003) found an association of OHCA with daily PM2.5 only for the subset of smokers with previously existing heart disease and only for exposure measured 2 days before the OHCA. Murakami and Ono (2006) found a significant increased risk of MI associated with 1-hr peaks of suspended PM. Our goal was to investigate the effect of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on the incidence of OHCA, as reported in an emergency medical services (EMS) database. Additional objectives were to investigate the role of subject characteristics, that is, age, sex, race, and presenting heart rhythm on PM-induced risks; and to compare the effect of exposure averaging time and measurement method on the ability to detect an association between PM exposure and risk of OHCA. The study was conducted in Indianapolis, Indiana, a major metropolitan area with average annual PM2.5 levels close to the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2007) standard of 15 μg/m3. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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